Wireless power transfer using tunable metamaterial systems and methods
First Claim
1. A method of manufacturing a static wireless power transmitter, comprising:
- determining a scattering matrix (S-Matrix) of field amplitudes for each of a plurality of lumped ports associated with a wireless power transmitter, includinga plurality of lumped antenna ports wherein each lumped antenna port corresponds to an impedance value of a lumped impedance element in communication with at least one sub-wavelength antenna element of the wireless power transmitter,wherein the at least one sub-wavelength antenna element is configured to scatter received electromagnetic fields, andat least one lumped external port located physically external to the wireless power transmitter,wherein the S-Matrix is expressible in terms of an impedance matrix, Z Matrix, with impedance values of each of the plurality of lumped ports;
identifying a target electromagnetic radiation pattern of the wireless power transmitter defined in terms of target field amplitudes in the S Matrix for the at least one lumped external port;
determining an optimized port impedance vector, {zn}, of impedance values for each of the lumped antenna ports that results in an S-Matrix element for the at least one lumped external port that approximates the target field amplitude for an operating frequency;
forming a plurality of sub-wavelength antenna elements configured to scatter received electromagnetic fields; and
forming a plurality of impedance elements in communication with the plurality of sub-wavelength antenna elements with impedance values corresponding to the optimized impedance vector {zn}.
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Accused Products
Abstract
The present disclosure provides system and methods for optimizing the tuning of impedance elements associate with sub-wavelength antenna elements to attain target radiation and/or field patterns. Both static and variable (tunable) antenna systems may be manufactured. Static embodiments may be entirely passive in some embodiments. A scattering matrix (S-Matrix) of field amplitudes for each of a plurality of modeled lumped ports, N, may be determined that includes a plurality of lumped antenna ports, Na, with impedance values corresponding to the impedance values of associated impedance elements and at least one modeled external port, Ne, located external to the antenna system at a specified radius vector. Impedance values may be identified through an optimization process, and the impedance elements may be tuned (dynamically or statically) to attain a specific target radiation pattern.
44 Citations
38 Claims
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1. A method of manufacturing a static wireless power transmitter, comprising:
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determining a scattering matrix (S-Matrix) of field amplitudes for each of a plurality of lumped ports associated with a wireless power transmitter, including a plurality of lumped antenna ports wherein each lumped antenna port corresponds to an impedance value of a lumped impedance element in communication with at least one sub-wavelength antenna element of the wireless power transmitter, wherein the at least one sub-wavelength antenna element is configured to scatter received electromagnetic fields, and at least one lumped external port located physically external to the wireless power transmitter, wherein the S-Matrix is expressible in terms of an impedance matrix, Z Matrix, with impedance values of each of the plurality of lumped ports; identifying a target electromagnetic radiation pattern of the wireless power transmitter defined in terms of target field amplitudes in the S Matrix for the at least one lumped external port; determining an optimized port impedance vector, {zn}, of impedance values for each of the lumped antenna ports that results in an S-Matrix element for the at least one lumped external port that approximates the target field amplitude for an operating frequency; forming a plurality of sub-wavelength antenna elements configured to scatter received electromagnetic fields; and forming a plurality of impedance elements in communication with the plurality of sub-wavelength antenna elements with impedance values corresponding to the optimized impedance vector {zn}. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
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23. A method of manufacturing a variable wireless power transmitter, comprising:
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arranging a plurality of sub-wavelength antenna elements configured to scatter received electromagnetic fields; communicatively coupling a plurality of variable impedance elements in communication with the plurality of sub-wavelength antenna elements; connecting a plurality of variable impedance control inputs to the plurality of variable impedance elements, such that the plurality of variable impedance control inputs allow for a selection of an impedance value for each of the lumped impedance elements; communicatively coupling the variable impedance control inputs to a processor, such that the processor can control the selection of an impedance value for each of the lumped impedance elements via the variable impedance control inputs; and a computer readable medium providing instructions accessible to the processor to cause the processor to perform operations for wireless transferring power, comprising determining a scattering matrix (S-Matrix) of electromagnetic field amplitudes for each of a plurality of lumped ports, wherein the lumped ports include; a plurality of lumped antenna ports with impedance values corresponding to the impedance values of each of the plurality of variable impedance elements; and at least one lumped external port corresponding to a wireless power receiver located physically external to the wireless power transmitter, wherein the S-Matrix is expressible in terms of an impedance matrix, Z-Matrix, with impedance values of each of the plurality of lumped ports; identifying a target electromagnetic radiation pattern of the wireless power transmitter defined in terms of target electromagnetic field amplitudes in the S-Matrix for the at least one lumped external port; determining an optimized port impedance vector, {zn} of impedance values for each of the lumped antenna ports that results in an S-Matrix element for the at least one lumped external port that approximates the target electromagnetic field amplitude for an operating frequency; and adjusting at least one of the plurality of variable impedance control inputs to modify at least one of the impedance values of at least one of the plurality of variable impedance elements based on the determined optimized {zn} of the impedance values for the lumped antenna ports. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38)
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Specification