Techniques for dynamically determining allocations and providing variable over-provisioning for non-volatile storage

• US 10,241,908 B2
• Filed: 04/22/2012
• Issued: 03/26/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 04/26/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Seagate Technology LLC (Seagate Technology Holdings Plc)
• Original Assignee: Seagate Technology LLC (Seagate Technology Holdings Plc)
• Inventors: Tomlin, Andrew John
• Primary Examiner(s): Gossage, Glenn
• Application Number:
  US14/112,221
• Publication Number:
  US 20140101379A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,529 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/0246 in block erasable memory, e.g. flash memory
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/1016 Performance improvement
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/1032 Reliability improvement, data loss prevention, degraded operation etc
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/1036 Life time enhancement
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/214 Solid state disk
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/7202 Allocation control and policies
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/7204 Capacity control, e.g. partitioning, end-of-life degradation
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/7206 Reconfiguration of flash memory system
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0608 Saving storage space on storage systems
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0631 by allocating resources to storage systems
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0679 Non-volatile semiconductor memory device, e.g. flash memory, one time programmable memory [OTP]

Abstract

Dynamically varying Over-Provisioning (OP) enables improvements in lifetime, reliability, and/or performance of a Solid-State Disk (SSD) and/or a flash memory therein. A host coupled to the SSD writes newer data to the SSD. If the newer host data is less random than older host data, then entropy of host data on the SSD decreases. In response, an SSD controller dynamically alters allocations of the flash memory, decreasing host allocation and increasing OP allocation. If the newer host data is more random, then the SSD controller dynamically increases the host allocation and decreases the OP allocation. The SSD controller dynamically allocates the OP allocation between host OP and system OP proportionally in accordance with a ratio of bandwidths of host and system data writes to the flash memory. Changes in allocations are selectively made in response to improved compression or deduplication of the host data, or in response to a host command.

Claims

1. A device comprising:

nonvolatile solid state data storage memory;

a controller coupled to the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory, the controller configured to;

dynamically implement a first state of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory by;

allocating a first portion of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory for system data including data for management of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory by the controller;

allocating a second portion of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory for host data;

allocating a third portion of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory for overprovisioning reserved for the first portion;

allocating a fourth portion of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory for overprovisioning reserved for the second portion;

dynamically implement a second state of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory in response to a first event, implementing the second state includes;

keeping a same amount of data storage space allocated for the first portion;

decreasing a first amount of data storage space allocated for the second portion;

increasing a second amount of data storage space allocated for a total data storage space of the third portion plus the fourth portion;

dynamically allocate the total data storage space of the third portion plus the fourth portion based on one or more data-rate-allocation functions of one or more data rates; and

delay implementation of the second state until a garbage collection operation is complete.

2. The device of claim 1 further comprising the controller configured to:

implement a third state of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory in response to a second event; and

implement the third state of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory by;

keeping a same amount of data storage space allocated for the first portion;

keeping a same amount of data storage space allocated for the second portion;

increasing an amount of data storage space allocated for the third portion; and

decreasing an amount of data storage space allocated for the fourth portion.

3. The device of claim 2 further comprising a total data storage space of the third portion plus the fourth portion in the third state is equal to a total data storage space of the third portion plus the fourth portion in the first state.

4. The device of claim 2 further comprising the controller configured to return a state of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory to the first state after the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory was in the third state.

5. The device of claim 2 further comprising the controller configured to implement a fourth state of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory by changing an amount of data storage space allocated for the first portion.

6. The device of claim 1 further comprising the first amount of data storage space and the second amount of data storage space are equal.

7. The device of claim 1 further comprising the controller configured to:

increase an amount of data storage space allocated for the third portion; and

keep a same amount of data storage space allocated for the fourth portion.

8. The device of claim 1 further comprising the controller configured to return a state of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory to the first state after the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory was in the third state.

9. The device of claim 1 further comprising a monitoring system configured to:

determine that a ratio of bandwidths of system writes to host writes has changed with respect to a previous ratio; and

trigger the first event to change a state of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory based on the ratio.

10. The device of claim 1 further comprising the controller configured to:

determine when the second portion changes by a determined amount; and

change a combined data storage space of the third portion and the fourth portion by the determined amount.

11. The device of claim 1 further comprising the one or more data rates include at least one of a host data rate, a system data rate, bandwidth of host data writes to the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory, bandwidth of system data writes to the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory, or bandwidth of total writes to the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory.

12. The device of claim 1 further comprising the controller configured to:

determine when the second portion changes by a determined amount;

change a combined data storage space of the third portion and the fourth portion by the determined amount; and

dynamically allocate the combined data storage space between the third portion and the fourth portion based on a ratio of bandwidth of system data writes to the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory and bandwidth of host data writes to the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory.

13. The device of claim 12 further comprising the controller implements an offset in an allocation of the combined data storage space between the third portion and the fourth portion.

14. A memory device including instructions, that when executed by a processing element, cause the processing element to:

implement a first state of a nonvolatile solid state data storage memory by;

allocating a first portion of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory for system data including data for management of a controller of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory;

allocating a second portion of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory for host data;

allocating a third portion of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory for overprovisioning reserved for the first portion;

allocating a fourth portion of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory for overprovisioning reserved for the second portion;

implement a second state of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory in response to a first event, implementing the second state includes;

keeping a same amount of data storage space allocated for the first portion;

decreasing a first amount of data storage space allocated for the second portion;

increasing a second amount of data storage space allocated for a total data storage space of the third portion plus the fourth portion;

dynamically allocate the total data storage space of the third portion plus the fourth portion based on a ratio of bandwidth of system data writes to the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory and bandwidth of host data writes to the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory; and

delay implementation of the second state until a garbage collection operation is complete.

15. The memory device of claim 14, further including instructions, that when executed by the processing element, cause the processing element to:

change the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory from the first state to a third state of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory by;

keeping a same amount of data storage space allocated for the first portion;

keeping a same amount of data storage space allocated for the second portion;

increasing an amount of data storage space allocated for the third portion; and

decreasing an amount of data storage space allocated for the fourth portion.

16. A device comprising:

a controller configured to manage a nonvolatile solid state data storage memory, the controller further configured to;

implement a first state of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory by;

allocating a first portion of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory for system data including data for management of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory by the controller;

allocating a second portion of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory for host data;

allocating a third portion of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory for overprovisioning reserved for the first portion; and

allocating a fourth portion of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory for overprovisioning reserved for the second portion;

implement a second state of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory in response to a first event, implementing the second state includes;

keeping a same amount of data storage space allocated for the first portion;

decreasing a first amount of data storage space allocated for the second portion;

increasing a second amount of data storage space allocated for a total data storage space of the third portion plus the fourth portion; and

dynamically allocate the total data storage space of the third portion plus the fourth portion based on a ratio of bandwidth of system data writes to the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory and bandwidth of host data writes to the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory.

17. The device of claim 16 further comprising the controller configured to:

return a state of the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory to the first state after the nonvolatile solid state data storage memory was in the second state.

18. The device of claim 17 further comprising the controller configured to:

determine that a ratio of bandwidths of system writes to host writes has changed with respect to a previous ratio; and

trigger the first event to implement the second state based on the ratio.