Control scheme to increase power output of a power tool using conduction band and advance angle

• US 10,243,491 B2
• Filed: 12/18/2015
• Issued: 03/26/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 12/18/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Black & Decker Incorporated (Stanley Black & Decker, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Black & Decker Incorporated (Stanley Black & Decker, Inc.)
• Inventors: Cox, John D., Gottesman, Tal
• Primary Examiner(s): Dhakal, Bickey
• Assistant Examiner(s): Imtiaz, Zoheb
• Application Number:
  US15/520,261
• Publication Number:
  US 20170366117A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,194 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B25F 5/00 Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 11/33 Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics H02K11/38 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 7/145 Hand-held machine tool
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 27/08 with pulse width modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 27/085 wherein the PWM mode is adapted on the running conditions of the motor, e.g. the switching frequency
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 6/085 in a bridge configuration
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 6/15 Controlling commutation time
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 7/05 by means of electronic switching

Abstract

A power tool includes a multi-phase BLDC motor, a plurality of switches, an input unit, and a controller. For each phase, the controller operates to vary power output to the motor between a first power and a second power by varying a duty cycle of a PWM signal from 0% to 100% while keeping a conduction band (CB) of corresponding motor switches and/or an advance angle (AA) at a predetermined value when the input unit moves between a first position and a predetermined position between the first and a second position. For each phase, the controller operates to increase the power output by the motor to greater than the second power by increasing the CB/AA to greater than the predetermined value while keeping the duty cycle of the PWM signal at 100% when the input unit moves between the predetermined position and the second position.

Claims

1. A power tool, comprising:

a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor having a stator defining a plurality of phases;

a switching arrangement having a plurality of motor switches connected electrically between a power source and the BLDC motor and operates to deliver power to the BLDC motor;

an input unit operates between an initial position and an end position and outputs a signal indicative of target power delivered to the BLDC motor in accordance with position of the input unit; and

a controller interfaced with the input unit and the plurality of motor switches and operates to, for each phase;

output a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal having a duty cycle to one or more of the plurality of motor switches to control supply of power to the BLDC motor;

control a conduction band of the one or more of the plurality of motor switches corresponding to the phase of the BLDC motor;

within a first positional range of the input unit between the initial position and a predetermined position, increase the supply of power to the BLDC motor by increasing the duty cycle of the PWM signal from a minimum duty cycle to a maximum duty cycle as a function of the position of the input unit while keeping the conduction band constant at a minimum conduction band; and

within a second positional range of the input unit between the predetermined position and an end position, increase the supply of power to the BLDC motor by increasing the conduction band from the minimum conduction band to a maximum conduction band as a function of the position of the input unit while keeping the duty cycle constant at the maximum duty cycle.

2. The power tool of claim 1 wherein the minimum duty cycle is 0 and the maximum duty cycle is 100%.

3. The power tool of claim 1 wherein the controller further operates to, for each phase:

keep an advance angle corresponding to the phase of the motor at a minimum advantage angle within the first positional range of the input unit; and

increase the advance angle from the minimum advance angle to a maximum advance angle within the second positional range of the input unit.

4. The power tool of claim 1, wherein in response to a number of the plurality of phases being three, for each phase, the minimum conduction band is 120 degrees.

5. The power tool of claim 1 wherein, for each phase, the conduction band is varied linearly within the second positional range of the input unit.

6. The power tool of claim 1 wherein, for each phase, the conduction band is varied in a stepwise fashion within the second positional range of the input unit.

7. The power tool of claim 1 wherein the initial and end positions respectively represent no displacement and full displacement of the input unit.

8. The power tool of claim 1 wherein the predetermined position of the input unit represents 80% of a fully displaced position of the input unit.

9. The power tool of claim 1 wherein the input unit is a variable speed trigger switch, a speed dial, a touch sensor, or a capacitive sensor.

10. The power tool of claim 1 wherein the input unit is configured to perform one or more of ON/OFF, forward/reverse, and variable speed operations.

11. A power tool, comprising:

a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor having a stator defining a plurality of phases;

a switching arrangement having a plurality of motor switches connected electrically between a power source and the BLDC motor and operates to deliver power to the BLDC motor;

an input unit operates between an initial position and an end position and outputs a signal indicative of target power delivered to the BLDC motor in accordance with position of the input unit; and

a controller interfaced with the input unit and the plurality of motor switches and operates to, for each phase;

output a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal having a duty cycle to one or more of the plurality of motor switches to control supply of power to the BLDC motor;

control an advance angle of the one or more of the plurality of motor switches corresponding to the phase of the BLDC;

within a first positional range of the input unit between the initial position and a predetermined position, increase the supply of power to the BLDC motor by increasing the duty cycle of the PWM signal from a minimum duty cycle to a maximum duty cycle as a function of the position of the input unit while keeping the advance angle constant at a minimum advance angle; and

within a second positional range of the input unit between the predetermined position and an end position, increase the supply of power to the BLDC motor by increasing the advance angle from the minimum advance angle to a maximum advance angle as a function of the position of the input unit while keeping the duty cycle constant at the maximum duty cycle.

12. The power tool of claim 11 wherein the minimum duty cycle is 0 and the maximum duty cycle is 100%.

13. The power tool of claim 11 wherein the controller further operates to, for each phase:

keep a conduction band corresponding to the phase of the motor at a minimum conduction band within the first positional range of the input unit; and

increase the conduction band from the minimum conduction band to a maximum conduction band within the second positional range of the input unit.

14. The power tool of claim 11 wherein in response to a number of the plurality of phases being three, for each phase, the minimum advance angle is 30 degrees.

15. The power tool of claim 11 wherein, for each phase, the advance angle is varied linearly within the second positional range of the input unit.

16. The power tool of claim 11 wherein, for each phase, the advance angle is varied in a stepwise fashion within the second positional range of the input unit.

17. The power tool of claim 11 wherein the initial and end positions respectively represent no displacement and full displacement of the input unit.

18. The power tool of claim 11 wherein the predetermined position of the input unit represents 80% of a fully displaced position of the input unit.

19. The power tool of claim 11 wherein the input unit is a variable speed trigger switch, a speed dial, a touch sensor, or a capacitive sensor.

20. The power tool of claim 11 wherein the input unit is configured to perform one or more of ON/OFF, forward/reverse, and variable speed operations.