Rechargeable lithium-ion cell

• US 10,249,910 B2
• Filed: 07/17/2015
• Issued: 04/02/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 07/18/2014
• Status: Expired

• Current Assignee: The Board of Trustees of Michigan State University (Michigan State University)
• Original Assignee: The Board of Trustees of Michigan State University (Michigan State University)
• Inventors: Guarr, Thomas F., Gregory, Mathew M., Boersma, Nicholas Robert, Polik, Robert Andrew, Mortimer, Nicholas
• Primary Examiner(s): Marks, Jacob B
• Application Number:
  US15/327,197
• Publication Number:
  US 20170162916A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,355 Days
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 209/86 with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 209/88 with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 241/46 Phenazines
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 279/20 with hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 279/22 with carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 279/26 without other substituents attached to the ring system
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0567 characterised by the additives
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0569 characterised by the solvents
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4235 Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte H01M10/4242 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A rechargeable lithium-ion cell has a cell capacity and includes a positive electrode having a recharged potential and a negative electrode. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell also includes a charge-carrying electrolyte. The charge-carrying electrolyte includes a charge-carrying medium and a lithium salt. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell also includes a redox shuttle having the following structure.

Claims

1. A rechargeable lithium-ion cell having a cell capacity and comprising:

A. a positive electrode having a recharged potential;

B. a negative electrode;

C. a charge-carrying electrolyte comprising a charge-carrying medium and a lithium salt; and

D. a redox shuttle having the following structure;

2. A rechargeable lithium-ion cell having a cell capacity and comprising:

A. a positive electrode having a recharged potential;

B. a negative electrode;

C. a charge-carrying electrolyte comprising a charge-carrying medium and a lithium salt; and

D. a redox shuttle having the following structure;

3. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell of claim 2 wherein each of R¹ and R² is independently an alkyl group having 1-12 carbon atoms or a haloalkyl group having 1-12 carbon atoms.

4. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell of claim 2 wherein each of R¹ and R² is independently an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms.

5. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell of claim 2 wherein each of R³ and R⁴ is independently an alkyl group having 1-12 carbon atoms, a haloalkyl group having 1-12 carbon atoms, a acetyl group, a haloacetyl group, or a hydrogen atom.

6. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell of claim 2 wherein each of R³ and R⁴ is independently an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms.

7. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell of claim 2 wherein one of R³ and R⁴ is a hydrogen atom and the other of R³ and R⁴ is not a hydrogen atom.

8. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell of claim 2 wherein R⁵ is an alkyl group having 1-12 carbon atoms, an alkylether group having 1-12 carbon atoms, or a trialkylammoniumalkyl group having 1-12 carbon atoms.

9. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell of claim 2 wherein R⁵ is an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms.

10. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell of claim 2 wherein said redox shuttle is dissolved in the charge-carrying electrolyte.

11. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell of claim 2 wherein said redox shuttle has an oxidation potential from 3.5 to 5 V as compared to Li/Li⁺.

12. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell of claim 2 wherein said redox shuttle provides overcharge protection to said rechargeable lithium-ion cell after at least 10 charge-discharge cycles at a charging voltage sufficient to oxidize said redox shuttle and at an overcharge charge flow equivalent to 100% of cell capacity during each charge-discharge cycle.

13. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell of claim 2 wherein said redox shuttle provides overcharge protection to said rechargeable lithium-ion cell after at least 500 charge-discharge cycles at a charging voltage sufficient to oxidize said redox shuttle and at an overcharge charge flow equivalent to 100% of cell capacity during each charge-discharge cycle.

14. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell of claim 2 wherein said redox shuttle is present in an amount from 1 to 10 percent by weight based on a total weight of said charge-carrying electrolyte.

15. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell of claim 2 wherein said positive electrode comprises LiFePO₄, Li₂FeSiO₄, MnO₂, Li_xMnO₂, LiNiMnCoO₂, and/or LiNiCoAlO₂, wherein x is 0.3 to 0.4.

16. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell of claim 2 wherein said negative electrode comprises graphitic carbon, lithium metal or a lithium alloy.

17. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell of claim 2 wherein said charge carrying medium comprises ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate or combinations thereof.

19. An article comprising the rechargeable lithium-ion cell of claim 2.

20. An array comprising two or more of said rechargeable lithium-ion cells of claim 2.

18. A rechargeable lithium-ion cell having a cell capacity and comprising:

A. a positive electrode having a recharged potential;

B. a negative electrode;

C. a charge-carrying electrolyte comprising a charge-carrying medium and a lithium salt; and

D. a redox shuttle having the following structure;

21. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell of claim 18 wherein each of R¹ and R² is independently an alkyl group having 1-12 carbon atoms.

22. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell of claim 18 wherein each of R³ and R⁴ is independently an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms or a haloalkyl group having 1-12 carbon atoms.

23. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell of claim 18 wherein said redox shuttle has an oxidation potential from 3.5 to 5 V as compared to Li/Li⁺.

24. An article comprising the rechargeable lithium-ion cell of claim 18.

25. An array comprising two or more of said rechargeable lithium-ion cells of claim 18.