Stereotaxic brain implant system for large animals

• US 10,251,722 B1
• Filed: 09/17/2018
• Issued: 04/09/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 09/17/2018
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: The Florida International University Board of Trustees (State University System of Florida)
• Original Assignee: The Florida International University Board of Trustees (State University System of Florida)
• Inventors: Allen, Timothy, Draper, Adam, Mattfeld, Aaron
• Primary Examiner(s): Eastwood, David C
• Application Number:
  US16/133,268
• Time in Patent Office: 204 Days
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1695 Trepans or craniotomes, i.e. specially adapted for drilling thin bones such as the skull
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1739 specially adapted for particular parts of the body
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/107 Visualisation of planned trajectories or target regions
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/108 Computer aided selection or customisation of medical implants or cutting guides
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/103 Cranial plugs for access to brain
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/374 NMR or MRI
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/10 Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/70 Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4064 Evaluating the brain A61B5/031, A61B5/369, A61B5/14553 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6864 Burr holes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 90/11 with guides for needles or instruments, e.g. arcuate slides or ball joints
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 90/14 Fixators for body parts, e.g. skull clamps; Constructional details of fixators, e.g. pins
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/2875 Skull or cranium A61F2/2803 and A61F2/3099 take precedence

Abstract

A stereotactic system with customizable and interoperable components for implantation of intracranial implants is provided. The stereotactic system can include a NeuroHat stereotactic device that attaches directly to the skull of an animal subject to protect chronic intracranial implants without interfering with the normal activities of the animal subject. The stereotactic system can also include a drill guide for accurate placement of burr holes and implant shuttles designed to be interoperable with other components of the NeuroHat stereotactic device for accurate placement and secureability.

Claims

1. A stereotactic system, adapted for attachment to the skull of a subject, comprising:

a skull guide with a plurality of pilot holes and at least two stand-off posts for attachment to the skull;

one or more implant shuttles, for insertion into the pilot holes, comprising a sheath that aligns with and is supported by the pilot hole and an electrode; and

a stereotactic device that engages with the skull guide, the stereotactic device comprising;

a lower housing with sidewalls and an aperture that leads into a chamber, such that the skull guide is inserted into the chamber through the aperture;

a mounting socket configured on the lower housing having one or more conformations, adapted to attach a secondary device to the implant shuttles; and

an upper housing for placement over the lower housing with a cover section that extends over the chamber and an orifice for receiving the mounting socket therethrough.

2. The stereotactic system, according to claim 1, further comprising:

a drill guide having;

a drill support, adapted to receive and support a drill; and

a jig, proximal to the drill support, that includes a post on a proximal side of the jig that engages with a pilot hole in the skull guide and is adapted to guide a drill bit through the pilot hole.

3. The stereotactic system, according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of conformations in the mounting socket to which the electrodes of the implant shuttles are operably attached.

4. The stereotactic system, according to claim 3, further comprising at least one hole in the lower housing adapted to receive a skull screw for attachment of the lower housing to the skull.

5. The stereotactic system, according to claim 4, further comprising a side port in communication with the hole.

6. The stereotactic system, according to claim 3, the skull guide being customized for attachment to the skull of the subject.

7. The stereotactic system, according to claim 6, at least one of the length and position of at least one of the plurality of pilot holes and the at least two stand-off posts being customized for attachment to the skull of the subject.

8. The stereotactic system, according to claim 1, wherein the sidewalls of the lower housing rise to at least the height of the distal end of an implant shuttle inserted into a pilot hole in the skull guide.

9. The stereotactic system, according to claim 1, further comprising enhancement on the at least two stand-off posts of the skull guide to aid in securing the stand-off posts to the skull.

10. The stereotactic system, according to claim 9, further comprising:

a drill guide having;

a drill support, adapted to receive and support a drill; and

a jig, proximal to the drill support, that includes a post on a proximal side of the jig that engages with a pilot hole in the skull guide and is adapted to guide a drill bit through the pilot hole.

11. A method for implanting intracranial implants, adapted to be inserted through a skull, the method comprising:

providing the stereotactic system according to claim 1;

attaching to the skull a skull guide fixedly attaching to the skull the at least two stand-off posts;

making at least one burr hole in the skull utilizing a drill guide comprising;

a drill support, adapted to receive and support a drill; and

a jig, proximal to the drill support, that includes a post on a proximal side of the jig that engages with a pilot hole in the skull guide and is adapted to guide a drill bit through the pilot hole and into the skull;

removing the drill guide from the skull guide; and

inserting an intracranial implant configured with the sheath and the electrode into the pilot hole so that the sheath is supported by the pilot hole and the electrode aligns with and passes through the burr hole.

12. The method, according to claim 11, further comprising customizing the skull guide to align to specific coordinates in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions of the skull.

13. The method, according to claim 12, customizing the skull guide including configuring the position and length of the at least two posts.

14. The method, according to claim 11, further comprising:

positioning on the skull guide the lower housing, by inserting the skull guide into the chamber through the aperture, and

positioning the upper housing over the lower housing, such that the cover section on the upper housing extends over the chamber; and

attaching the upper housing to the lower housing.

15. The method, according to claim 14, further comprising at least one hole in the lower housing, adapted to receive a skull screw, the method further comprising attaching the lower housing to the skull utilizing a skull screw through the at least one hole.

16. The method, according to claim 15, further comprising a side port in communication with the at least one hole, the method further comprises applying an adhesive through the side port to further secure the skull screw in the at least one hole.

17. The method according to claim 15, further comprising attaching the upper housing so that the mounting socket extends through the orifice.

18. The method, according to claim 11, further comprising a stopper on the sheath of the intracranial implant and one or more attachment mechanism on the stopper and the method further comprises attaching one or more secondary components to the intracranial implant utilizing the attachment mechanism.

19. A stereotactic system, adapted for attachment to the skull of a subject, comprising:

a skull guide with a plurality of pilot holes and at least two stand-off posts for attachment to the skull;

one or more implant shuttles, for insertion into the pilot holes, comprising a sheath that aligns with and is supported by the pilot hole, an electrode, and stopper for controlling the depth of the electrode, and one or more attachment mechanisms on the stopper for attachment of secondary components; and

a stereotactic device that engages with the skull guide, the stereotactic device comprising;

a lower housing with sidewalls, an aperture at the posterior end that leads into a chamber, such that the skull guide is inserted into the chamber through the aperture, at least one hole by which the lower housing is attachable to the skull, and a side port in communication with the at least one hole;

a mounting socket configured on the lower housing comprising one or more conformations, adapted to attach a secondary device to the one or more implant shuttles, and a removable access plate for covering the conformations; and

an upper housing for placement over the lower housing that at least partially surrounds the lower housing sidewalls, a cover section at the anterior end that extends over the chamber and an orifice at the posterior end through which the mounting socket extends distally therethrough,

wherein the sidewalls of the lower housing rise to at least the height of the distal end of an implant shuttle inserted into a pilot hole in the skull guide,

wherein the stereotactic system further comprises enhancement on the at least two standoff posts of the skull guide to aid in securing the standoff posts to the skull, and

wherein the stereotactic system further comprises a drill guide having;

a drill support, adapted to receive and support a drill; and

a jig, proximal to the drill support, that includes a post on a proximal side of the jig that engages with a pilot hole in the skull guide and is adapted to guide a drill bit through the pilot hole.