High resolution and high sensitivity three-dimensional (3D) cursor maneuvering device
First Claim
1. A maneuvering system comprising:
- a two dimensional (2D) planar continuously tinted reference surface, configured to emit electromagnetic radiation when illuminated externally, wherein said electromagnetic radiation is characterized by multiple wavelengths and varying intensities;
wherein said planar continuously tinted reference surface produces a tri-stimuli or tri-color gamut comprising a multiplicity of hues deposited on said tinted reference surface with a pre-determined intensity gradient;
wherein said planar continuously tinted reference surface may also include targetable features thereon; and
a navigational device including a source of illumination and an optoelectronic sensor sensitive to said emitted radiation and configured to move on said continuously tinted planar reference surface and further configured to cause said emission of said multiple wavelengths of radiation at varying intensities by using said source of illumination to illuminate said surface and to create and identify images of said targetable features when said targetable features are present;
wherein said navigational device is configured to receive and process said multiple wavelengths of radiation at varying intensities emitted by said continuously tinted planar reference surface and wherein said navigational device is also configured to simultaneously capture images of said targetable features located thereon when said targetable features are present;
wherein, by sensing and analyzing independent wavelength components or other independent electromagnetic properties of said radiation as a function of their various intensities emitted by said tinted planar reference surface, said navigational device is configured to determine its absolute position on said planar reference surface;
whereby said navigational device determines a continuous mapping from said absolute position on said 2D tinted planar reference surface to a 3D space characterized by a higher dimensional, 3D set of independent position and motion variables;
wherein said navigational device may also be configured to simultaneously determine its motion relative to said surface by an evaluation of relative positional changes of said identifiable features that may be thereon;
whereby, using said absolute position determination and said relative motion determination, said navigational device communicates its motion in a form configured for;
1) generating linear and non-linear portions of the 3D motion of a cursor or of a graphically rendered object,
2) providing corresponding 3D control of an electronic or electromechanical device,
3) activating certain display or control functions.
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Abstract
A three dimensional (3D) maneuvering device generates 3D data by irradiating a variably tinted two dimensional (2D) reference surface. The tri-stimuli color index data (e.g. CIE 1931 RGB) is a reliable and high definition source of such tinting. By mathematical conversion, the color index data on the 2D surface is mapped into 3D positional data, i.e. (x, y, z) to be used by a computer, a 3D rendering device or an electronic or electromechanical device such as a 3D printer. The 3D maneuvering device has high sensitivity, high resolution, and immunity from the noise caused by human vibrations. A rotational motion vector is derived by comparing the relative motion vectors derived from a pattern recognition process of surface features on the same reference plane with the positional data derived using the color index data. Thus, a single gestural movement of the operator'"'"'s hand provides both the translational and rotational motion data simultaneously.
21 Citations
38 Claims
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1. A maneuvering system comprising:
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a two dimensional (2D) planar continuously tinted reference surface, configured to emit electromagnetic radiation when illuminated externally, wherein said electromagnetic radiation is characterized by multiple wavelengths and varying intensities; wherein said planar continuously tinted reference surface produces a tri-stimuli or tri-color gamut comprising a multiplicity of hues deposited on said tinted reference surface with a pre-determined intensity gradient; wherein said planar continuously tinted reference surface may also include targetable features thereon; and a navigational device including a source of illumination and an optoelectronic sensor sensitive to said emitted radiation and configured to move on said continuously tinted planar reference surface and further configured to cause said emission of said multiple wavelengths of radiation at varying intensities by using said source of illumination to illuminate said surface and to create and identify images of said targetable features when said targetable features are present; wherein said navigational device is configured to receive and process said multiple wavelengths of radiation at varying intensities emitted by said continuously tinted planar reference surface and wherein said navigational device is also configured to simultaneously capture images of said targetable features located thereon when said targetable features are present; wherein, by sensing and analyzing independent wavelength components or other independent electromagnetic properties of said radiation as a function of their various intensities emitted by said tinted planar reference surface, said navigational device is configured to determine its absolute position on said planar reference surface; whereby said navigational device determines a continuous mapping from said absolute position on said 2D tinted planar reference surface to a 3D space characterized by a higher dimensional, 3D set of independent position and motion variables; wherein said navigational device may also be configured to simultaneously determine its motion relative to said surface by an evaluation of relative positional changes of said identifiable features that may be thereon; whereby, using said absolute position determination and said relative motion determination, said navigational device communicates its motion in a form configured for;
1) generating linear and non-linear portions of the 3D motion of a cursor or of a graphically rendered object,
2) providing corresponding 3D control of an electronic or electromechanical device,
3) activating certain display or control functions. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36)
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37. A three dimensional (3D) maneuvering device configured to generate a three dimensional mapping of a two dimensional surface, comprising an optoelectronic sensor configured for capturing images produced by electromagnetic radiation reflected or re-emitted from said two dimensional surface and a source for illuminating said two dimensional surface with said electromagnetic radiation at a multiplicity of wavelengths and with a variable intensity for each of said multiplicity of wavelengths and wherein said electromagnetic radiation is further characterized by variable polarization and phase;
- wherein, by simultaneously capturing two images, said device acquires both a first set of data which is configured for measuring a displacement and a second set of data which is configured for the detection of motion having a linear and a non-linear part and wherein, by maintaining a sensitivity and resolution of said optoelectronic sensor for said displacement measurement while said source of electromagnetic radiation varies said intensity, polarization and phase of said electromagnetic radiation, said non-linear part of said motion is determined.
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38. A three-dimensional (3D) maneuvering device comprising:
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a device configured for moving on a planar reference surface and for mapping its two-dimensional motion into a three-dimensional display space, said device including a source of electromagnetic radiation for illuminating said planar reference surface while said device moves thereon and an optoelectronic sensor for capturing, images or other analog motional or positional data from said planar reference surface while said device moves thereon;
whereinwhile said images or other data are being captured, as a result of said illumination said planar reference surface emits a plurality of electromagnetic waves caused by reflection, refraction, interference, photo-emission, fluorescence, and characterized by different intensities, wavelengths, polarizations, phases, wherein; said emissions vary along a trajectory on said planar reference surface having a predetermined profile thereon characterized by a fixed or changeable mathematical function or a set of parameters, wherein said emissions are captured by said optoelectronic sensor and said function or parameters characterizing said emissions are recognizable by said device or by electronic links to said device;
wherebywhen said mathematical function is fixed, said motional or positional data along said trajectory is associated by said device with a specific geometrical pattern in three-dimensional space; and when said mathematical function is changed, said trajectory produces a different set of data and a different geometrical pattern in three-dimensional space will then be associated with said data.
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Specification