Electrodes having surface exclusions
First Claim
1. An electrode for transdermal electrical stimulation, the electrode comprising:
- a substrate; and
a multi-layered active region comprising;
a first layer on the substrate that is electrically contiguous and conductive and is arranged in a pattern forming a plurality of one or more combinations of branches and voids, wherein the pattern extends through a width of the first layer,a second layer on the first layer,a third layer that is electrically contiguous and conductive on the second layer,wherein the second layer is sandwiched between the first and third layers and has a resistivity that is greater than 5×
the resistivity of the first or third layers;
wherein a ratio of edges formed by the pattern of the first layer to a perimeter of the multi-layered active region is greater than 4.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Electrodes having an active region formed of a plurality of layers in which one or more conductive layers is formed of a pattern having a plurality of branches and/or holes (e.g. a grid pattern, a snowflake pattern, etc.) to provide a greater density of edges, so that the ratio of edges in the patterned conductive layer to the perimeter of the active region is greater than a minimum value (e.g., 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc.). The multiple layers may include the patterned conductive layer and a second conductive layer, which may also be patterned, with a less conductive layer sandwiched between them to achieve a more even charge distribution across the face of the active region than in addition to the greater current density provided by the large number of edges.
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Citations
19 Claims
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1. An electrode for transdermal electrical stimulation, the electrode comprising:
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a substrate; and a multi-layered active region comprising; a first layer on the substrate that is electrically contiguous and conductive and is arranged in a pattern forming a plurality of one or more combinations of branches and voids, wherein the pattern extends through a width of the first layer, a second layer on the first layer, a third layer that is electrically contiguous and conductive on the second layer, wherein the second layer is sandwiched between the first and third layers and has a resistivity that is greater than 5×
the resistivity of the first or third layers;wherein a ratio of edges formed by the pattern of the first layer to a perimeter of the multi-layered active region is greater than 4. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17)
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18. An electrode for transdermal electrical stimulation, the electrode comprising:
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a planar substrate; and a multi-layered active region comprising; a first layer on the substrate that is electrically contiguous and conductive and is arranged in a contiguous pattern forming a plurality of one or more combinations of branches and voids, wherein the pattern extends through a width of the first layer, a second layer on the first layer, a third layer that is electrically contiguous and conductive on the second layer, and a hydrogel covering the third layer, wherein the second layer is sandwiched between the first and third layers and has a resistivity that is greater than 10×
the resistivity of the first or third layers;wherein a ratio of edges formed by the first layer to a perimeter of the multi-layered active region is greater than 4.
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19. An electrode for transdermal electrical stimulation, the electrode comprising:
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a planar substrate; and a multi-layered active region comprising; a first layer on the substrate comprising an electrically contiguous and conductive Ag layer that is arranged in a contiguous pattern forming a plurality of one or more combination of branches and voids, wherein the pattern extends through a width of the first layer, a second layer comprising a conductive carbon layer on the first layer, a third layer comprising a contiguous Ag/AgCl conductive layer on the second layer, and a hydrogel covering the third layer, wherein the second layer is sandwiched between the first and third layers and has a resistivity that is greater than 10×
the resistivity of the first or third layers;wherein a ratio of edges formed by the first layer to a perimeter of the multi-layered active region is greater than 4.
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Specification