Ultrasonic network for wearable devices

• US 10,271,728 B2
• Filed: 01/26/2016
• Issued: 04/30/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 01/26/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Northeastern University
• Original Assignee: Northeastern University
• Inventors: Melodia, Tommaso, Santagati, Giuseppe Enrico
• Primary Examiner(s): Edun, Muhammad N
• Assistant Examiner(s): Murphy, Jerold B
• Application Number:
  US15/538,930
• Publication Number:
  US 20170367578A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,190 Days
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0015 characterised by features of the telemetry system
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0024 for multiple sensor units attached to the patient, e.g. using a body or personal area network
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0026 characterised by the transmission medium
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0028 Body tissue as transmission medium, i.e. transmission systems where the medium is the human body
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0205 Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02438 with portable devices, e.g. worn by the patient
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 40/63 for local operation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 11/00 Transmission systems employing sonic, ultrasonic or infrasonic waves
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/18 Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks

Abstract

An ultrasonic communication system and method provide a networking framework for wearable devices based on ultrasonic communications. The ultrasonic communication system and method incorporate a set of physical, data link, network and application layer functionalities that can flexibly adapt to application and system requirements to efficiently distribute information between ultrasonic wearable devices.

Claims

1. A system for transmitting data ultrasonically among wearable devices comprising:

a network comprising a plurality of nodes, at least a portion of the nodes wearable by a user, each of the wearable nodes including a wearable sensor or a wearable actuator; and

a first node of the plurality of nodes comprising;

a communication unit comprising an ultrasonic transceiver to transmit and receive in-air ultrasonic signals;

a processing unit in communication with the communication unit to receive signals from and transmit signals to the communication unit, the processing unit including one or more processors and memory; and

a protocol stack disposed within the processing unit, the protocol stack comprising a plurality of layers through which a data packet is transmitted to enable ultrasonic communication among the plurality of nodes, wherein the protocol stack includes a physical layer, a data link layer, a network layer, and an application layer.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the nodes of the plurality of nodes is implantable within a body.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing unit is operative at the application layer of the protocol stack to reconfigure parameters at a physical layer of the protocol stack.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing unit is operative at the application layer of the protocol stack to execute an application.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing unit is operative at the application layer to specify an input comprising data generated at a sensor associated with a wearable node or an output comprising a measured parameter for storage in the memory or transmission to another node.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transceiver comprises an air-coupled ultrasonic transducer, a micromachined piezoelectric, or an electrostatic transducer.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing unit is operative at the application layer to carry out one or more data processing operations.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein each data processing operation is identified with a key, and a concatenation of keys forms an application.

9. The system of claim 7, wherein the data processing operations are defined by one or more primitive blocks at a physical layer of the protocol stack, the primitive blocks comprising one or more of a filter, a data operation block, and a detector;

and

wherein;

the filter is operative to filter raw data to remove one or more of offset, drift of a sensor, or a noise component from an external source;

or

the data operation block is operative to perform one or more signal processing operations on data received from a sensor, wherein the signal processing operations include an arithmetic operation, a correlation operation, a convolution operation, a counting operation, or a Fourier transform operation;

or

the detector is operative to measure a desired parameter in a processed signal, wherein the desired parameter includes one or more of a peak, a pattern, or a time interval.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the processing unit is operative at the application layer to arrange a plurality of the primitive blocks in a user-selected order.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein the first node comprises a wearable node.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein:

the wearable sensor comprises a sensor operative to sense a biological parameter, wherein the wearable sensor is selected from the group consisting of a motion sensor, a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a cardiac rhythm monitor, a heart rate monitor, a pulse monitor, a blood pressure sensor, a glucose sensor, a drug pump monitor, a sleep sensor, a REM sleep duration sensor, a still camera, a video camera, a sensor for one or more biomolecules, a sensor for one or more pharmaceutical agents or pharmaceutical formulation ingredients, a sensor for a dissolved gas or ion, and a sensor for pH, ionic strength or osmolality;

or

the wearable actuator is selected from the group consisting of a drug pump, a heart stimulator, a heart pacemaker, a bone growth stimulator, a deep brain stimulator, a neurostimulator, and a neuromuscular electrical stimulator.

13. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of nodes are connected in one or both of a peer-to-peer configuration and a master-slave configuration, wherein the first node comprises a master node in the master-slave configuration, wherein the master node is disposed on an external computing device, wherein the external computing device comprises a smart phone, a tablet, a laptop, a smart watch, smart glasses, or smart clothing.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing unit is operative at the application layer to fetch data from an external source or from another node in the network, and to push data or an actuating command to another node in the network.

15. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing unit is operative at the application layer to provide a graphical user interface to display a selection of applications or functionalities within the protocol stack.

16. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing unit is operative at a physical layer of the protocol stack to provide forward error correction.

17. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing unit is operative at a physical layer of the protocol stack to provide a zero-forcing equalizer comprising a finite-impulse-response filter that for each input symbol, forces to zero any intersymbol interference components introduced by adjacent symbols.

18. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing unit is operative at a physical layer of the protocol stack to calculate filter taps numerically beginning from an estimate of a channel impulse response.

19. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing unit is operative at a physical layer of the protocol stack to provide a pseudo noise sequence or a chirp signal as a preamble of the data packet.

20. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing unit is operative at a physical layer of the protocol stack to correlate a received signal with a known preamble sequence to obtain an estimate of a time-domain channel impulse response.

21. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing unit is operative at a physical layer of the protocol stack to provide narrow band Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) modulation or demodulation or to provide wideband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing for modulation or demodulation.

22. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing unit is operative at upper layers of the protocol stack to modify one or more parameters at a physical layer of the protocol stack, the parameters comprising a modulation rate, a signal bandwidth, and forward error correction coding rate.

23. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing unit is operative at a data link layer of the protocol stack to coordinate access to communication links among the nodes.

24. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing unit is operative at a network layer of the protocol stack to provide content centric addressing, comprising providing a content object at one of the nodes with an identification by which the content object can be accessed by others of the nodes, or to provide header information for transmission to a device on another network.

25. A method for transmitting data ultrasonically among wearable devices comprising:

providing a node comprising;

a communication unit comprising an ultrasonic transceiver to transmit and receive in-air ultrasonic signals, and

a processing unit in communication with the communication unit, comprising one or more processors and memory, and a protocol stack comprising a plurality of layers through which a data packet is transmitted to enable ultrasonic communication among the plurality of nodes;

coding or decoding a data packet by transmission through the layers of the protocol stack within the processing unit, wherein the protocol stack includes a physical layer, a data link layer, a network layer, and an application layer; and

transmitting an ultrasonic signal to or receiving an ultrasonic signal from another node.