Methods of biometric imaging of input surfaces

• US 10,275,638 B1
• Filed: 09/23/2016
• Issued: 04/30/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 09/29/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Yousefpor, Marduke, Yeke Yazdandoost, Mohammad, King, Brian Michael, Tucker, Aaron, Yip, Marcus, Khajeh, Ehsan
• Primary Examiner(s): Werner, Brian
• Application Number:
  US15/274,944
• Time in Patent Office: 949 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B06B 1/0622 on one surface
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/8913 using separate transducers for transmission and reception
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/1684 Constructional details or arrangements related to integrated I/O peripherals not covered by groups G06F1/1635 - G06F1/1675
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0436 in which generating transducers and detecting transducers are attached to a single acoustic waves transmission substrate
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0488 using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/1306 non-optical, e.g. ultrasonic or capacitive sensing
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/1359 Extracting features related to ridge properties; Determining the fingerprint type, e.g. whorl or loop
• CPC Class Codes: H04M 1/67 by electronic means
• CPC Class Codes: H04M 2250/22 including a touch pad, a touch sensor or a touch detector digitizers for touch screens G06F3/041
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 1/40 by combining a number of identical transducers specially adapted for hearing aids H04R25/405
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 1/403 loud-speakers
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 1/406 microphones
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 17/00 Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers piezoelectric or electrostrictive elements in general H10N30/00; details of piezoelectric or electrostrictive motors, generators or positioners H10N30/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 2499/11 Transducers incorporated or for use in hand-held devices, e.g. mobile phones, PDA's, camera's

Abstract

An acoustic imaging system includes multiple acoustic transducers disposed to circumscribe a portion of imaging surface. An acoustic imaging system also includes a controller and an image resolver. The acoustic transducers convert electrical signals into mechanical energy and/or mechanical energy into electrical signals. The controller is adapted to apply an electrical signal to the acoustic transducers which, in response, induce a mechanical wave, such as a surface wave, into the circumscribed portion. The controller is also adapted to receive electrical signals from the acoustic transducers. The image resolver uses the electrical signals received by the controller in order to construct an image of an object in physical contact with the imaging surface.

Claims

1. An acoustic imaging system comprising:

a distribution of acoustic transducers circumscribing a portion of a user input surface;

a controller coupled to each acoustic transducer of the distribution of acoustic transducers and configured to provide a drive signal to at least a first subset of acoustic transducers of the distribution of acoustic transducers and configured to obtain electrical signals from at least a second subset of acoustic transducers of the distribution of acoustic transducers; and

an image resolver coupled to the controller and configured to perform a back projection operation after receiving the electrical signals from the controller;

wherein

the second subset of acoustic transducers is diametrically opposite the first subset of acoustic transducers across the user input surface.

2. The acoustic imaging system of claim 1, wherein the image resolver is configured to filter the electrical signals prior to performing the back projection operation.

3. The acoustic imaging system of claim 1, wherein the image resolver comprises a ramp filter.

4. The acoustic imaging system of claim 1, wherein the image resolver is configured to obtain an acoustic attenuation map of a portion of the user input surface.

5. The acoustic imaging system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to drive the first subset of acoustic transducers so as to generate an acoustic pulse in the user input surface.

6. The acoustic imaging system of claim 5, wherein the acoustic pulse is configured, by the controller, to exhibit a substantially planar wavefront.

7. The acoustic imaging system of claim 1, wherein the acoustic pulse is directed, by the controller, to traverse a portion of the user input surface along a particular angle.

8. An acoustic imaging system comprising:

a user input surface comprising a substrate;

a distribution of acoustic transducers circumscribing a portion of the substrate;

a controller coupled to each acoustic transducer of the distribution of acoustic transducers and configured to;

provide a drive signal to a first acoustic transducer of the distribution of acoustic transducers; and

obtain electrical signals generated by a second acoustic transducer of the distribution of acoustic transducers, the second acoustic transducer diametrically opposite the first acoustic transducer across the substrate; and

an image resolver coupled to the controller and configured to perform a back projection operation after receiving the electrical signals from the controller.

9. The acoustic imaging system of claim 8, wherein the image resolver comprises a ramp filter and the image resolver is configured to filter the obtained electrical signals prior to performing the back projection operation.

10. The acoustic imaging system of claim 8, wherein the back projection operation generates an acoustic attenuation map of a portion of the user input surface between the first acoustic transducer and the second acoustic transducer.

11. The acoustic imaging system of claim 8, further comprising a preamplifier coupled to an output of the second acoustic transducer and configured to amplify electrical signals generated by the second acoustic transducer.

12. The acoustic imaging system of claim 11, further comprising a carrier rejection filter coupled to an output of the preamplifier and configured to demodulate the amplified electrical signals received from the preamplifier.

13. The acoustic imaging system of claim 12, further comprising a gain correction filter coupled to an output of the carrier rejection filter and configured to normalize direct current offset in the demodulated signals received from the carrier rejection filter.

14. The acoustic imaging system of claim 13, wherein an output of the gain correction filter is coupled to an input of the image resolver.

15. The acoustic imaging system of claim 8, further comprising a touch input sensor coupled to the user input surface.

16. The acoustic imaging system of claim 15, wherein the touch input sensor is configured to determine a contact area of a touch provided by a user to the user input surface.

17. The acoustic imaging system of claim 16, wherein the image resolver is configured to perform a Radon transform of the contact area based, at least in part, on the electrical signals received from the controller.

18. A method of imaging a surface of a substrate with an array of acoustic elements coupled to the substrate, the method comprising:

determining a contact area of a touch provided to the surface with a touch input sensor;

generating an acoustic pulse with a first acoustic element of the array of acoustic elements, the acoustic pulse configured to traverse the contact area at a selected angle;

receiving electrical signals from a second acoustic element of the array of acoustic elements, the second acoustic element substantially opposite the substrate from the first acoustic element at the selected angle;

performing a Radon transform of the contact area based, at least in part, on the selected angle and the received electrical signals; and

resolving at least a portion of an image of the contact area based on the Radon transform.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein:

the acoustic pulse is a first acoustic pulse;

the selected angle is a first selected angle;

the received electrical signals are first received electrical signals; and

the method further comprises;

generating a second acoustic pulse with a third acoustic element of the array of acoustic elements, the acoustic pulse configured to traverse the contact area at a second selected angle;

receiving second electrical signals from a fourth acoustic element of the array of acoustic elements, the fourth acoustic element substantially opposite the substrate from the third acoustic element at the second selected angle; and

performing the Radon transform of the contact area based, at least in part, on the first selected angle, the second selected angle, the first received electrical signals, and the second received electrical signals.

20. The method of claim 18, further comprising assembling an image of a fingerprint based, at least in part, on the at least portion of the resolved image.