Open-loop voltage regulation and drift compensation for digitally controlled oscillator (DCO)

• US 10,284,210 B2
• Filed: 08/26/2016
• Issued: 05/07/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 09/26/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Inventors: Li, Shenggao, Tong, Guluke, Gowder, Sujatha B., Spagna, Fulvio
• Primary Examiner(s): Kinkead, Arnold
• Application Number:
  US15/249,120
• Publication Number:
  US 20160365866A1
• Time in Patent Office: 984 Days
• Field of Search: 331 16, 331 34, 331 1 A
• CPC Class Codes: H03B 5/00 Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input H03B9/00, H03B15/00 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03B 5/1246 the means comprising transistors used to provide a variable capacitance
• CPC Class Codes: H03B 5/1278 the parameter being an amplitude of a signal, e.g. maintaining a constant output amplitude over the frequency range
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 3/0315 Ring oscillators
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 1/00 Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 1/02 against variations of temperature only
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 1/022 by indirect stabilisation, i.e. by generating an electrical correction signal which is a function of the temperature H03L1/021 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 2207/06 Phase locked loops with a controlled oscillator having at least two frequency control terminals
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 5/00 Automatic control of voltage, current, or power
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/07 using several loops, e.g. for redundant clock signal generation
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/093 using special filtering or amplification characteristics in the loop H03L7/087 - H03L7/091 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/099 concerning mainly the controlled oscillator of the loop
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/0991 the oscillator being a digital oscillator, e.g. composed of a fixed oscillator followed by a variable frequency divider H03L7/0995 takes precedence; fixed oscillators with means for selecting among various phases H03L7/0814
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/0995 the oscillator comprising a ring oscillator
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/18 using a frequency divider or counter in the loop H03L7/20, H03L7/22 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/24 using a reference signal directly applied to the generator

Abstract

Embodiments include apparatuses, methods, and systems for open-loop voltage regulation and drift compensation for a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO). In embodiments, a communication circuit may include a DCO, an open-loop voltage regulator, and a calibration circuit. The open-loop voltage regulator may receive a calibration voltage and may generate a regulated voltage. The regulated voltage may be passed to the DCO. During a calibration mode, the calibration circuit may compare the regulated voltage to a reference voltage and adjust the calibration voltage based on the comparison to provide the regulated voltage with a target value. During a monitoring mode, the calibration circuit may receive a tuning code that is used to tune the DCO and further adjust the calibration voltage based on a value of the tuning code.

Claims

1. A circuit comprising:

a digital-controlled oscillator (DCO);

an open-loop voltage regulator coupled to the DCO, the open-loop voltage regulator to provide a regulated voltage to the digital-controlled oscillator (DCO) based on a calibration voltage, wherein the open-loop voltage regulator includes;

a transistor having a drain terminal coupled to the DCO to provide the regulated voltage; and

a low-pass resistance-capacitance (RC) filter coupled to a gate terminal of the transistor; and

a calibration circuit coupled to the open-loop voltage regulator, the calibration circuit to;

receive a digital tuning code that is used to tune an output frequency of the DCO;

determine if the tuning code is outside a pre-determined range of tuning codes; and

if the tuning code is outside the pre-determined range of tuning codes, adjust the calibration voltage so that the tuning code is inside the pre-determined range of tuning codes.

2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the calibration circuit is further to, during a calibration mode of the circuit, adjust the calibration voltage provided to the open-loop voltage regulator to provide the regulated voltage with a target value.

3. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the calibration circuit includes:

a potentiometer coupled to the open-loop voltage regulator;

a comparator to compare the regulated voltage to a reference voltage; and

a control circuit coupled to the potentiometer and the comparator, the control circuit to adjust an impedance of the potentiometer, based on the comparison by the comparator, to adjust the calibration voltage provided to the open-loop voltage regulator.

4. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the transistor and the low-pass RC filter are included in a first stage of the open-loop voltage regulator, and wherein the open-loop voltage regulator further includes a second stage that has a transistor coupled between the transistor of the first stage and a supply rail.

5. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the calibration circuit is to determine if the tuning code is outside the pre-determined range of tuning codes and to adjust the calibration voltage so that the tuning code is inside the pre-determined range of tuning codes during normal operation of the DCO and after adjusting the calibration voltage provided to the open-loop voltage regulator to provide the regulated voltage with a target value during a calibration mode of the DCO.

6. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the tuning code is a fine tuning code.

7. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the pre-determined range of tuning codes includes less than all possible values for the tuning code.

8. An apparatus comprising:

means for comparing a regulated voltage with a reference voltage, wherein the regulated voltage is provided to a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) by an open-loop voltage regulator, wherein the open-loop voltage regulator includes;

a transistor having a drain terminal coupled to the DCO to provide the regulated voltage; and

a low-pass resistance-capacitance (RC) filter coupled to a gate terminal of the transistor;

means for adjusting, based on the comparison, a calibration voltage provided to the open-loop voltage regulator to provide the regulated voltage with a target value;

means for monitoring drift of a tuning code that is used to tune the DCO; and

means for further adjusting the calibration voltage based on the monitored drift to maintain a value of the tuning code within a pre-determined range.

9. The apparatus of claim 8,

wherein the means for monitoring the drift includes means for determining if the tuning code is outside the pre-determined range of tuning codes;

and

wherein the means for further adjusting the calibration voltage based on the monitored drift includes means for, if the tuning code is outside the pre-determined range of tuning codes, adjusting the calibration voltage so that the tuning code is inside the pre-determined range of tuning codes.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the means for adjusting the calibration voltage includes means for controlling an impedance of a digital potentiometer coupled to the open-loop voltage regulator.

11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the comparing the regulated voltage with the reference voltage and the adjusting, based on the comparison, the calibration voltage are to be performed during a calibration mode of the DCO, and wherein the monitoring the drift of the tuning code and the further adjusting the calibration voltage based on the monitored drift are to be performed during a normal operating mode of the DCO after the calibration mode.

12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the tuning code is a fine tuning code, and wherein the apparatus further includes means for receiving a coarse tuning code for the DCO.

13. A system comprising:

a processor; and

a communication circuit coupled to the processor, the communication circuit including;

a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO);

an open-loop voltage regulator to receive a calibration voltage and to provide a regulated voltage to the DCO based on the calibration voltage, wherein the open-loop voltage regulator includes;

a transistor, wherein a drain terminal of the transistor is coupled to the DCO to provide the regulated voltage; and

a low-pass filter coupled to a gate terminal of the transistor; and

a calibration circuit coupled to the open-loop voltage regulator, the calibration circuit to;

during a calibration mode, compare the regulated voltage to a reference voltage and adjust the calibration voltage, based on the comparison, to provide the regulated voltage with a pre-determined target voltage value; and

during a monitoring mode, receive a tuning code that is used to tune the DCO and further adjust the calibration voltage based on a value of the tuning code.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the calibration circuit includes:

a potentiometer coupled to the open-loop voltage regulator;

a comparator to compare the regulated voltage to a reference voltage; and

a control circuit coupled to the potentiometer and the comparator, the control circuit to adjust an impedance of the potentiometer, based on the comparison by the comparator, to adjust the calibration voltage provided to the open-loop voltage regulator.

15. The system of claim 13, wherein the transistor and the low-pass filter are included in a first stage of the open-loop voltage regulator, and wherein the open-loop voltage regulator further includes a second stage that has a transistor coupled between the transistor of the first stage and a supply rail.

16. The system of claim 13, wherein, to further adjust the calibration voltage based on the value of the tuning code, the calibration circuit is to:

determine if the value of the tuning code is outside a pre-determined range of values; and

if the value of the tuning code is outside the pre-determined range of values, adjust the calibration voltage so that the value of the tuning code is inside the pre-determined range of values.

17. The system of claim 13, wherein the calibration circuit is to enter the calibration mode upon power-up of the DCO, and wherein the calibration circuit is to be in the monitoring mode during normal operation of the DCO.

18. The system of claim 13, wherein the tuning code is a fine tuning code, and wherein the DCO is to receive the fine tuning code and a coarse tuning code.

19. The system of claim 13, further comprising a display coupled to the processor.