Adapting tabular data for narration

• US 10,289,653 B2
• Filed: 03/15/2013
• Issued: 05/14/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 03/15/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Byron, Donna K., Pikovsky, Alexander, Sanchez, Matthew B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Baderman, Scott T
• Assistant Examiner(s): Golden, Steve P
• Application Number:
  US13/838,130
• Publication Number:
  US 20140278358A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,251 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/103 Formatting, i.e. changing of presentation of documents automatic justification G06F40/189; automatic line break hyphenation G06F40/191
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/177 of tables; using ruled lines
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/56 Natural language generation

Abstract

A system, and computer program product for adapting tabular data for narration are provided in the illustrative embodiments. A set of categories used to organize data is identified in a first tabular portion of a document. A structure of the categories is analyzed. An inference is drawn about data in a first cell in the first tabular portion based on a position of the first cell in the structure. The first tabular portion of the document is transformed into a first narrative form using the inference.

Claims

1. A computer usable program product comprising a computer usable storage device including computer usable code for adapting tabular data for narration, the computer usable code comprising:

computer usable code for identifying, in a first tabular portion of a document, a set of categories used to organize data;

computer usable code for analyzing a structure of the categories, wherein the set of categories is arranged in a hierarchy in the first tabular portion;

computer usable code for determining, by traversing the hierarchy, linguistic dependencies between a plurality of categories according to the hierarchy;

computer usable code for drawing an inference of inclusion between a plurality of clauses corresponding to a plurality of categories in the hierarchy, the inference determining that one clause in the plurality of clauses includes another clause in the plurality of clauses according to a natural language-dependent grammatical rule;

computer usable code for connecting the plurality of clauses corresponding to the plurality of categories in the hierarchy, the connecting forming a narrative statement according to linguistic dependencies between the plurality of clauses;

computer usable code for drawing an inference about data in a first cell in the first tabular portion based on a position of the first cell in the structure; and

computer usable code for transforming the first tabular portion of the document into a first narrative form using the inference, wherein the first narrative form uses the narrative statement.

2. The computer usable program product of claim 1, wherein the computer usable code for transforming comprises:

computer usable code for creating an inferential narrative, wherein the inferential narrative comprises inferences drawn using cells in different tabular portions of the document, the inferential narrative describing content not present in the different tabular portions.

3. The computer usable program product of claim 1, wherein the computer usable code for transforming generates the first narrative form without using a template for a narrative sentence, and wherein the computer usable code for transforming comprises:

computer usable code for determining a significance of the first cell relative to the first tabular data based on the position of the first cell in the structure; and

computer usable code for generating a part of the first narrative form using the determined significance of the first cell.

4. The computer usable program product of claim 3, wherein the first cell does not include a value, wherein the first cell specifies a category, and wherein the first narrative form describes the category in the first cell.

5. The computer usable program product of claim 1, wherein the computer usable code for drawing the inference further comprises:

computer usable code for cross-referencing the data in the first cell with data in a second cell in the first tabular portion.

6. The computer usable program product of claim 5, wherein the computer usable code for cross-referencing further comprises:

computer usable code for using cross-referencing information created during transforming a second document.

7. The computer usable program product of claim 1, wherein the computer usable code for drawing the inference further comprises:

computer usable code for cross-referencing the data in the first cell with data in a non-tabular portion of the document.

8. The computer usable program product of claim 1, further comprising:

computer usable code for merging the first narrative form corresponding to the first tabular portion with a non-tabular portion of the document.

9. The computer usable program product of claim 1, further comprising:

computer usable code for sending the narrative form of the first tabular portion of the document and a non-tabular portion of the document to a natural language processing engine.

10. The computer usable program product of claim 1, further comprising:

computer usable code for receiving the document, the document including a plurality of tabular portions, the first tabular portion being one of the plurality of tabular portions, each tabular portion organizing data using a different set of categories.

11. The computer usable program product of claim 1, wherein the computer usable code is stored in a computer readable storage device in a data processing system, and wherein the computer usable code is transferred over a network from a remote data processing system.

12. The computer usable program product of claim 1, wherein the computer usable code is stored in a computer readable storage device in a server data processing system, and wherein the computer usable code is downloaded over a network to a remote data processing system for use in a computer readable storage device associated with the remote data processing system.

13. A data processing system for adapting tabular data for narration, the data processing system comprising:

a storage device, wherein the storage device stores computer usable program code; and

a processor, wherein the processor executes the computer usable program code, and wherein the computer usable program code comprises;

computer usable code for identifying, in a first tabular portion of a document, a set of categories used to organize data;

computer usable code for analyzing a structure of the categories, wherein the set of categories is arranged in a hierarchy in the first tabular portion;

computer usable code for determining, by traversing the hierarchy, linguistic dependencies between a plurality of categories according to the hierarchy;

computer usable code for drawing an inference of inclusion between a plurality of clauses corresponding to a plurality of categories in the hierarchy, the inference determining that one clause in the plurality of clauses includes another clause in the plurality of clauses according to a natural language-dependent grammatical rule;

computer usable code for connecting the plurality of clauses corresponding to the plurality of categories in the hierarchy, the connecting forming a narrative statement according to linguistic dependencies between the plurality of clauses;

computer usable code for drawing an inference about data in a first cell in the first tabular portion based on a position of the first cell in the structure; and

computer usable code for transforming the first tabular portion of the document into a first narrative form using the inference, wherein the first narrative form uses the narrative statement.

14. The data processing system of claim 13, wherein the computer usable code for transforming comprises:

computer usable code for creating an inferential narrative, wherein the inferential narrative comprises inferences drawn using cells in different tabular portions of the document, the inferential narrative describing content not present in the different tabular portions.

15. The data processing system of claim 13, wherein the computer usable code for transforming generates the first narrative form without using a template for a narrative sentence, and wherein the computer usable code for transforming comprises:

computer usable code for determining a significance of the first cell relative to the first tabular data based on the position of the first cell in the structure; and

computer usable code for generating a part of the first narrative form using the determined significance of the first cell.