Energy storage system

• US 10,291,026 B2
• Filed: 11/02/2017
• Issued: 05/14/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 02/19/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cummins Power Generation IP, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Cummins Power Generation IP, Inc.
• Inventors: Hunt, Michelle, Ayana, Elias M., Palmer, Bradford K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Houston, Adam D
• Application Number:
  US15/802,164
• Publication Number:
  US 20180198282A1
• Time in Patent Office: 558 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/1415 with a generator driven by a prime mover other than the motor of a vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/1423 with multiple batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/143 with multiple generators
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/34 Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering H02J7/14 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 9/062 for AC powered loads
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 9/066 characterised by the use of dynamo-electric machines H02J9/08 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 9/08 requiring starting of a prime-mover

Abstract

Systems and methods for controlling power flow to and from an energy storage system are provided. One energy storage system includes an energy storage device and a bidirectional inverter configured to control a flow of power into or out of the energy storage device. The energy storage system further includes a controller configured to control the bidirectional inverter based on one or more signals received from the generator set coupled to the inverter via an AC bus. The controller is configured to, based on the one or more signals, control the bidirectional inverter to store power generated by the generator set in the energy storage device and transmit power from the energy storage device to a load driven by the generator set to maintain the generator set within a range of one or more operating conditions.

Claims

1. A genset system comprising:

a genset coupled to an alternating current (AC) bus; and

an energy storage device coupled to the AC bus, the energy storage device having a controller;

wherein the controller of the energy storage device is configured to monitor the genset through one or more signals and control a flow of power into or out of the energy storage device to keep the genset within a selected range of operating conditions.

2. The genset system of claim 1, wherein the controller of the energy storage device is configured to store one or more operational characteristics of the genset or a load.

3. The genset system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to monitor a load demand on the AC bus and source power from or store power to the energy storage device and activate or deactivate the genset to meet the load demand.

4. The genset system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to monitor a load demand on the AC bus and to store excess power in the energy storage device or source power from the energy storage device to keep the genset from exceeding an alternator damage curve.

5. The genset system of claim 1, wherein the genset coupled to the AC bus further comprises a plurality of gensets coupled to a local grid, wherein the controller of the energy storage device is configured to monitor each genset of the plurality of gensets through one or more signals and control the flow of power into or out of the energy storage device to keep one or more gensets of the plurality of gensets within the selected range of operating conditions.

6. The genset system of claim 5, wherein the controller is configured to keep one or more gensets of the plurality of gensets within a fuel efficient range of operating conditions and to monitor a load demand on the local grid and to store excess power generated by the plurality of gensets in the energy storage device or source power from the energy storage device to meet the load demand.

7. The genset system of claim 5, wherein the controller monitors the plurality of gensets through a communications network.

8. The genset system of claim 7, wherein the controller monitors the plurality of gensets on the communications network through one of a central controller, a network of self-coordinating gensets, or a masterless load demand control (MLD) network.

9. The genset system of claim 5, wherein the controller is configured to activate or deactivate one or more gensets of the plurality of gensets in response to determining that a load demand can be met by one or more first gensets of the plurality of gensets being active and operating in the selected range of operating conditions and a current power generated by the one or more first active gensets of the plurality of gensets exceeding the load demand by a greater amount or rate than can be stored in the energy storage device.

10. The genset system of claim 5, wherein the controller is configured to deactivate one or more gensets of the plurality of gensets in response to determining that the energy stored in the energy storage device is greater than a selected threshold and that a load demand can be met by power sourced from the energy storage device or one or more first active gensets of the plurality of gensets.

11. The genset system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to monitor a load demand and control the flow of power into or out of the energy storage device when the load demand changes by storing excess power when the load demand decreases or providing fill-in power when the load demand increases.

12. An energy storage system comprising:

an energy storage device having a controller;

wherein the energy storage device is configured to couple to a local grid; and

wherein the controller of the energy storage system is configured to control a flow of power into or out of the energy storage device to keep a selected genset of one or more gensets coupled to the local grid within a selected range of operating conditions.

13. The energy storage system of claim 12, wherein the energy storage device is coupled to the local grid through a rectifier and a one-way inverter, where the controller is configured to control the rectifier to store energy from the local grid in the energy storage device, and where the controller is configured to control the one-way inverter to source energy to the local grid from the energy storage device.

14. The energy storage system of claim 12, wherein the energy storage device is coupled to the local grid through a bi-directional inverter, where the controller is configured to control the bi-directional inverter to store energy from the local grid in the energy storage device, and to source energy from the energy storage device to the local grid.

15. The energy storage system of claim 12, wherein the controller is configured to monitor a load demand on the local grid and source power to or store power from the energy storage device and activate or deactivate one or more first gensets of the one or more gensets to meet the load demand.

16. The energy storage system of claim 12, wherein the controller is configured to monitor a load demand on the local grid and to store excess power in the energy storage device or source power from the energy storage device to keep one or more first gensets of the one or more gensets from exceeding an alternator damage curve.

17. The energy storage system of claim 12, wherein the controller monitors the one or more gensets through a communications network in coordination with one of a central controller, a network of self-coordinating gensets, or a masterless load demand control (MLD) network.

18. A method of operating an energy storage system comprising:

coupling an energy storage device to an alternating current (AC) bus;

monitoring with a controller one or more operating conditions of one or more gensets coupled to the AC bus; and

controlling a flow of power into or out of the energy storage device with the controller to keep a selected genset of the one or more gensets within a range of operating conditions.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein monitoring with the controller one or more operating conditions of one or more gensets further comprises monitoring a plurality of gensets on a communications network through one of a central controller, a network of self-coordinating gensets, or a masterless load demand control (MLD) network.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein controlling the flow of power into or out of the energy storage device with the controller further comprises activating or deactivating one or more first gensets of the one or more gensets in response to determining that a load demand on the AC bus can be met by one or more active gensets operating in a selected range of genset operating conditions and a current power generated by the one or more active gensets exceeding the load demand by a greater amount or rate than can be stored in the energy storage device.

21. The method of claim 18, wherein controlling the flow of power into or out of the energy storage device with the controller further comprises activating or deactivating one or more first gensets of the one or more gensets in response to determining that the energy stored in the energy storage device is greater than a selected threshold and that a load demand on the AC bus can be met by power sourced from the energy storage device or one or more active gensets of the one or more gensets.

22. The method of claim 18, wherein controlling the flow of power into or out of the energy storage device with the controller further comprises monitoring a load demand on the AC bus and controlling the flow of power into or out of the energy storage device when the load demand changes by storing excess power when the load demand decreases or providing fill-in power when the load demand increases to keep the selected genset of the one or more gensets within the range of operating conditions.

23. An energy storage system comprising:

an energy storage device;

a bidirectional inverter configured to control a flow of power into or out of the energy storage device; and

a controller configured to;

monitor a load demand on a coupled local grid

receive, from one or more coupled generator sets, one or more signals, the one or more signals for each generator set indicating one or more operating conditions of the generator set; and

control the bidirectional inverter based on one or more signals received from a generator set coupled in parallel to the bidirectional inverter via an alternating current (AC) bus, wherein the controller is configured to, based on the one or more signals, control the bidirectional inverter to store power generated by the generator set in the energy storage device and transmit power from the energy storage device to a load driven by the generator set to maintain the generator set within a range of one or more operating conditions.

24. The energy storage system of claim 23, wherein the controller is configured to monitor a plurality of generator sets on a communications network through one of a central controller, a network of self-coordinating generator sets, or a masterless load demand control (MLD) network, and wherein the controller of the energy storage device represents itself on the communications network as a generator set.

25. The energy storage system of claim 23, wherein the controller is configured to generate at least one control signal configured to control an activation and deactivation of at least one of the one or more coupled generator sets based on the one or more operating conditions.

26. The energy storage system of claim 23, wherein the generator set comprises an engine, and wherein the energy storage system is configured to increase a fuel economy of the engine by maintaining the generator set within a range of operating conditions.

27. The energy storage system of claim 23, wherein the controller is configured to:

detect a change in a power demand of a load below a threshold level; and

change an operational state of the bidirectional inverter to store power in or receive power from the energy storage device in response to detecting the change in the power demand below the threshold level.

28. The energy storage system of claim 23, wherein the controller is configured to:

detect an increase in a power demand of a load above a threshold increase; and

control the bidirectional inverter to discharge power stored in the energy storage device to drive the load in response to detecting the increase in the power demand above the threshold increase.