Data collection, processing and storage systems for X-ray tomographic images

• US 10,295,483 B2
• Filed: 01/02/2015
• Issued: 05/21/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 12/16/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Rapiscan Systems Incorporated (OSI Systems Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Rapiscan Systems Incorporated (OSI Systems Incorporated)
• Inventors: Morton, Edward James
• Primary Examiner(s): Artman, Thomas R
• Application Number:
  US14/588,732
• Publication Number:
  US 20150355117A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,600 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2223/3304 helicoidal scan
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2223/3307 source and detector fixed; object moves
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2223/3308 object translates
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2223/401 image processing
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2223/419 computed tomograph
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2223/421 digitised image, analysed in real time (recognition algorithms)
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2223/5015 linear array
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2223/639 material in a container
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2223/643 object on conveyor
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 23/046 using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 23/10 the material being confined in a container, e.g. in a luggage X-ray scanners
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 23/20083 by using a combination of at least two measurements at least one being a transmission measurement and one a scatter measurement
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/246 utilizing latent read-out, e.g. charge stored and read-out later
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/247 Detector read-out circuitry for processing gain or off-set correction H04N
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/2985 In depth localisation, e.g. using positron emitters; Tomographic imaging (longitudinal and transverse section imaging; apparatus for radiation diagnosis sequentially in different planes, steroscopic radiation diagnosis); using external radiation sources A61B6/02
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 5/22 Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 5/222 measuring scattered radiation
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 5/226 using tomography
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/12 Edge-based segmentation
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/143 involving probabilistic approaches, e.g. Markov random field [MRF] modelling
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/187 : involving region growing; involving region merging; involving connected component labelling

Abstract

An X-ray imaging inspection system for inspecting items comprises an X-ray source 10 extending around an imaging volume 16, and defining a plurality of source points 14 from which X-rays can be directed through the imaging volume. An X-ray detector array 12 also extends around the imaging volume 16 and is arranged to detect X-rays from the source points which have passed through the imaging volume, and to produce output signals dependent on the detected X-rays. A conveyor 20 is arranged to convey the items through the imaging volume 16.

Claims

1. An X-ray imaging system for collecting data about an object being inspected and determining a threat associated with the object, the system comprising

an X-ray scanner for generating X-rays;

a plurality of detectors;

a memory having a plurality of areas each being associated with a respective area of an X-ray tomographic image;

a data input means arranged to receive input data from the plurality of X-ray detectors in a predetermined sequence;

processing means arranged to generate from the input data the X-ray tomographic image, wherein the processing means is further configured to

extract a plurality of parameters from the X-ray tomographic image;

construct information using the extracted plurality of parameters by applying one or more decision trees, wherein the information is indicative of a volume contiguity of the object being inspected;

conduct a database search to allocate the object to a predefined safety category; and

map the constructed information to a level of threat using results of the database search.

2. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 1 wherein the processing means is arranged to determine which area of the memory is associated with what area of the X-ray tomographic image at least partly on a basis of which of the plurality of X-ray detectors it is received from.

3. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 1 wherein the processing means is arranged to determine which area of the memory is associated with what area of the X-ray tomographic image at least partly on a basis of a position at which the X-rays were produced.

4. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 1 further comprising a look-up table having entries stored therein that associate each of the plurality of X-ray detectors with a respective area of the X-ray tomographic image.

5. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 1 wherein the processing means is arranged to store image data in the memory for each of a plurality of tomographic scans of an object as the object moves through an imaging region and to extract the image data from the memory after each of the plurality of tomographic scans so that image data for a subsequent scan can be stored in the memory.

6. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 5 wherein the processing means is arranged to combine the image data from the plurality of tomographic scans to produce a three-dimensional image of the object.

7. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 1 wherein the processing means is configured to identify a region of the X-ray tomographic image.

8. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 7 wherein said processing means is configured to identify the region of the X-ray tomographic image by:

defining an initial area of the region, identifying a pixel outside the initial area, determining a first value associated with the pixel, determining a corresponding second value of the initial area, comparing the first value and second value and, if a predetermined relationship is found between the first value and second value, including the pixel in the region.

9. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 8 wherein the pixel is adjacent to the initial area.

10. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 8 wherein the first value and second value is an intensity value.

11. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 8 wherein the predetermined relationship comprises an intensity of the pixel being within a predetermined range of an average intensity of the initial area.

12. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 7 wherein said processing means is configured to identify the region of the X-ray tomographic image by defining an initial area of the region, identifying a pixel outside the initial area, determining a first value associated with the pixel, determining a corresponding second value of the initial area, comparing the first and second values and, if a predetermined relationship is found between the first and second values, including the pixel in the region until all pixels adjacent to the region have been checked and none of them added to the region.

13. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of parameters comprises at least one of areas of constant grey level, texture, or statistics.

14. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 1 wherein the processing means is configured to identify one or more separate regions within the X-ray tomographic image by:

calculating a mean intensity of a set of pixels within the X-ray tomographic image data;

determining a standard deviation of intensities of the set of pixels;

determining an intensity of a pixel proximate to the set of pixels; and

adding the pixel to the set of pixels to form a region if the intensity of the pixel is within the standard deviation.

15. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 1 wherein the processing means is configured to identify one or more separate regions within the X-ray tomographic image data by using a statistical edge detection method.

16. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 1 wherein extracting a plurality of parameters from the X-ray tomographic image data comprises extracting parameters from two dimensional image data.

17. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 1 wherein extracting a plurality of parameters from the X-ray tomographic image data comprises extracting parameters from three dimensional image data.

18. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 1 further comprising simultaneously extracting a plurality of parameters from more than one X-ray tomographic image.

19. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 1 wherein extracting a plurality of parameters from the X-ray tomographic image data comprises measuring a variance of a pixel intensity within one or more regions of the X-ray tomographic image data.

20. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 1 wherein mapping the constructed information to a level of threat comprises dividing the constructed information into at least a first threat group and a second safe group.