Traveling wave based single end fault location
First Claim
Patent Images
1. A system to determine a relative location of a fault in a power line of an electric power delivery system comprising:
- a traveling wave detector in electrical communication with a first location on the power line of the electric power delivery system to;
detect an arrival time (TPK) of each of a plurality of traveling wave amplitude peaks (VPKs) received at the first location on the power line, andidentify hypothesis TPKs as TPKs corresponding to VPKs detected after a first detected VPK that have the same polarity as the first detected VPK at the first location on the power line; and
a fault location determination subsystem comprising at least one processor and a memory to;
calculate a fault reflection value, F(H), for each hypothesis TPK,calculate remote reflection value, R(H), associated with a remote location on the power line, for each hypothesis TPK using the hypothesis TPK, a length of the power line between the first location and the remote location, and traveling wave propagation time (TWLPT),compare the F(H) and the R(H) of each hypothesis TPK with a set of time difference values (DT set) that includes time difference values between the pair-combinations of detected TPKs associated with VPKs received after the first detected VPK,determine a first number of matches (NM) as the number of time difference values in the DT set that match the F(H) of each hypothesis TPK, anddetermine a second number of matches (N1_M) as the number of time difference values in the DT set that match the R(H) of each hypothesis TPK; and
a fault distance calculation subsystem to calculate a distance from the first location to a fault location based, at least in part, on;
(i) the length of the power line between the first location and the remote location,(ii) the traveling wave line propagation time (TWLPT), and(iii) one of the hypothesis TPKs selected based on a function of NM and N1_M.
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Abstract
Traveling wave information from a single end of an electric power delivery system is used to determine a fault location on a power line of the electric power delivery system. Hypotheses of which of a plurality of received traveling waves represents a first reflection from the fault are evaluated. A determination of an arrival time of the first reflection from the fault is used to calculate a distance from the single end of the power line to the fault location.
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Citations
20 Claims
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1. A system to determine a relative location of a fault in a power line of an electric power delivery system comprising:
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a traveling wave detector in electrical communication with a first location on the power line of the electric power delivery system to; detect an arrival time (TPK) of each of a plurality of traveling wave amplitude peaks (VPKs) received at the first location on the power line, and identify hypothesis TPKs as TPKs corresponding to VPKs detected after a first detected VPK that have the same polarity as the first detected VPK at the first location on the power line; and a fault location determination subsystem comprising at least one processor and a memory to; calculate a fault reflection value, F(H), for each hypothesis TPK, calculate remote reflection value, R(H), associated with a remote location on the power line, for each hypothesis TPK using the hypothesis TPK, a length of the power line between the first location and the remote location, and traveling wave propagation time (TWLPT), compare the F(H) and the R(H) of each hypothesis TPK with a set of time difference values (DT set) that includes time difference values between the pair-combinations of detected TPKs associated with VPKs received after the first detected VPK, determine a first number of matches (NM) as the number of time difference values in the DT set that match the F(H) of each hypothesis TPK, and determine a second number of matches (N1_M) as the number of time difference values in the DT set that match the R(H) of each hypothesis TPK; and a fault distance calculation subsystem to calculate a distance from the first location to a fault location based, at least in part, on; (i) the length of the power line between the first location and the remote location, (ii) the traveling wave line propagation time (TWLPT), and (iii) one of the hypothesis TPKs selected based on a function of NM and N1_M. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
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10. A method of calculating a relative location of a fault in a power line of an electric power delivery system comprising:
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detecting, via at least one sensor in electrical communication with a first location of the power line of the electric power delivery system, an arrival time (TPK) of each of a plurality of traveling wave amplitude peaks (VPKs) at the first location on the power line; identifying TPKs corresponding to VPKs detected after a first detected VPK that have the same polarity as the first detected VPK at the first location on the power line as hypotheses; calculating, via a processor, a fault reflection value, F(H), for each hypothesis; calculating a remote reflection value, R(H), for each hypothesis using the hypothesis TPK, a length of the power line between the first location and the remote location, and traveling wave propagation time (TWLPT); determining a first number of matches (NM) of the F(H) of each hypothesis with a set of time differences (DT set) between pair-combinations of the detected TPKs received after the first detected VPK; determining a second number of matches (N1_M) of the R(H) with the time differences in the DT set; and calculating a location of the fault relative to the first location based on the length of the power line, the traveling wave line propagation time (TWLPT), and a selected hypothesis of the hypotheses. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
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19. A computer-implemented method for calculating a relative location of a fault in a power line of an electric power delivery system comprising:
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determining an initial guess of a relative location of a fault (m_ini) as being located within one of a first section of a power line, a second section of the power line, and a third section of a power line; detecting, via at least one sensor in electrical communication with a first location on the power line of the electric power delivery system, an arrival time (TPK) of each of a plurality of traveling wave amplitude peaks (VPKs) at the first location on the power line; and identifying TPKs corresponding to VPKs detected after a first detected VPK that have the same polarity as the first detected VPK as hypotheses; calculating, via a processor, a fault reflection value, F(H), for each hypothesis; calculating a remote reflection value, R(H), for each hypothesis using the hypothesis TPK, a length of the power line between the first location and the remote location, and traveling wave propagation time (TWLPT); determining a first number of matches (NM) of the F(H) of each hypothesis with a set of time differences (DT set) between pair-combinations of the detected TPKs received after the first detected VPK; determining a second number of matches (N1_M) of the R(H) with the time differences in the DT set; determining a set of expected traveling wave arrival times (ETWs) for each hypothesis; determining a third number of matches (NS) of the ETWs of each hypothesis with the detected TPKs; assigning a weight factor (WGHT) to each hypothesis equal to; the NS associated with each hypothesis for which the associated R(H) corresponds to one detected TPK, and zero (0) for each hypothesis for which the associated R(H) value does not correspond to any detected TPK; calculating a merit value (N) for each hypothesis that corresponds to the sum of the respective values of NM, N1_M, and WGHT, such that for each hypothesis;
N=NM+N1_M+WGHT;sorting the hypothesis in a priority order based on; NM from highest to lowest, where m_ini is determined to be within the first section of the power line, N from highest to lowest, where m_ini is determined to be within the second section of the power line, and N1_M from highest to lowest, where m_ini is determined to be within the third section of the power line; and calculating a distance from the first location to the fault location based on a function of the length of the power line, the traveling wave line propagation time (TWLPT), and the hypothesis sorted to have the highest priority. - View Dependent Claims (20)
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Specification