Method, system and apparatus for enabling vehicular communications

• US 10,299,232 B2
• Filed: 10/14/2015
• Issued: 05/21/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 10/15/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Hassan Aboubakr Omar, Ning Lu, Sailesh Bharati, Weihua Zhuang, Xuemin Shen
• Original Assignee: Hassan Aboubakr Omar, Ning Lu, Sailesh Bharati, Weihua Zhuang, Xuemin Shen
• Inventors: Shen, Xuemin, Omar, Hassan Aboubakr, Lu, Ning, Bharati, Sailesh, Zhuang, Weihua
• Primary Examiner(s): Kizou, Hassan
• Assistant Examiner(s): Belur, Deepa
• Application Number:
  US15/519,526
• Publication Number:
  US 20170238270A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,315 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 21/18 Status alarms G08B21/02 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/0644 External master-clock
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/0655 using timestamps
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/029 Location-based management or tracking services
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/12 Messaging; Mailboxes; Announcements
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/40 for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/46 for vehicle-to-vehicle communication [V2V]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 56/00 Synchronisation arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 56/001 Synchronization between nodes
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 72/0446 Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/18 Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks

Abstract

The invention generally relates to the field of vehicular communications. In particular, the invention relates to method, system and apparatus for establishing and maintaining vehicular communications, such as wireless vehicular communications in a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET).

Claims

1. A method of establishing and maintaining vehicular communications among nodes in a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) established according to a media access control (“

MAC”

) protocol, said MAC protocol having a time division scheme dividing a periodic time duration into a plurality of indexed time slots, said method comprising, local at each node of the nodes in a two-hop neighborhood of the VANET;

receiving at the local node a wireless time reference signal from an external time reference signal source, said time reference signal providing consecutive timing markers separated by a reference time duration;

measuring clock discrepancy between an on-board clock counter of the local node and an external reference clock using the consecutive timing markers contained in the external time reference signal;

upon receiving a timing marker,

synchronizing, at the local node, a pre-selected time slot of the time division scheme to the received timing marker, calculating clock discrepancy per time slot by dividing the clock discrepancy accumulated in the reference time duration by number of indexed time slots in the reference time duration, and adjusting time length of each indexed time slots in the reference time duration by the calculated clock discrepancy per time slot to compensate for the clock discrepancy, and

selecting at least one indexed time slots of the time division scheme for message broadcasting at the local node;

during the periodic time duration and until receiving a subsequent timing marker at the local node,

verifying that the at least one selected time slot is not selected by any other nodes in the neighborhood of the local node and, if any one of the at least one selected time slot is occupied by any other node, deselecting the occupied time slot and selecting a different time slot to assign to the local node;

transmitting one or more messages of the local node in the at least one selected time slot, said one or more messages including node identification and time slot selection information of the local node'"'"'s one-hop neighborhood; and

receiving messages from all other nodes in the neighborhood in indexed time slots not assigned to the local node.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, at each of the nodes:

detecting a deadlock condition of the local node, and

upon detection of the deadlock condition, deselecting all of the at least one selected time slot assigned to the local node and, for each of the at least deselected time slot, selecting a different time slot not selected by the any other nodes and the local node.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising, at each of the nodes:

measuring elapsed time of a pre-selected time duration using the on-board clock counter,

measuring elapsed reference time of a multiple of reference time durations that is nominally equal to the pre-selected time duration using the timing markers, and

calculating the time discrepancy from the difference between the elapsed time and the elapsed reference time.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the time division scheme partitions the periodic time duration into a first integer number of time frames and divides each of the time frames into a second integer number of time slots, and wherein the first time slot of the first time frame is synchronized to the received timing marker.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising, at each of the nodes,

at least in one of the time frames, identifying from the messages received from all other nodes a set of unoccupied time slots consisting of time slots not selected by any of the nodes,

wherein the at least one indexed time slot selected for message broadcasting is selected from the set of unoccupied time slots.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein said external time reference signal is time signal provided by a GPS (Global Positioning System) satellite in its GPS signal and the consecutive timing markers are the 1PPS (one-pulse-per-second) pulse edge of the GPS time signal.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising, at each of the nodes:

extracting location information and speed information from the GPS signal,

including the location and speed information of the local node in the one or more messages of the local node for broadcasting, and

broadcasting the location and speed information in the at least one selected time slot.

8. The method of claim 7, further comprising, at each of the nodes:

producing status information of the node by including the location and speed information and the acceleration information in status information of the local node,

calculating a predicted trajectory of movement of the local node, and

generating an internal safety message from the location and speed information, the acceleration information and the projected trajectory of all nodes.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

generating a warning message if the internal safety message predicts imminent danger, and

communicating the warning message to an operator of the local node.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising, at each of the nodes,

measuring acceleration of the local node using an on-board accelerometer,

including the acceleration data in the one or more messages of the local node for broadcasting, and

broadcasting the acceleration data in the at least one selected time slot.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the time slots have a pre-selected time length.

12. A vehicle configured to establish and maintain vehicular communications with and among nodes in a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) established according to a media access control (“

MAC”

) protocol, said MAC protocol having a time division scheme dividing a periodic time duration into a plurality of indexed time slots, said vehicle comprising;

a wireless signal receiver for receiving a wireless time reference signal from an external time reference signal source, said time reference signal providing consecutive timing markers separated by a reference time duration;

a microcontroller coupled to the wireless signal receiver, said microcontroller having a clock timer, the wireless signal receiver being coupled to the microcontroller and providing said timing markers to the microcontroller, said microcontroller being configured to calibrate the clock timer using the consecutive timing markers received by the wireless signal receiver and to select at least one indexed time slot of the time division scheme for message broadcasting at the communication device;

a wireless message transceiver, said wireless message transceiver being controlled by said microcontroller to receive and send messages; and

an application message processor coupled to the microcontroller, the application message processor processing status information of the vehicle and package the status information to node messages for the microcontroller to pass to the wireless message transceiver to broadcast during each one of the at least one selected time slot assigned to the vehicle and to process messages received by the wireless message transceiver from all other nodes in indexed time slots not assigned to the local node,

wherein the microcontroller is configured to calibrate the clock timer by calculating clock discrepancy between time provided by the clock timer and time provided by the consecutive timing markers accumulated during the reference time duration, dividing the clock discrepancy accumulated in the reference time duration by number of indexed time slots in the reference time duration, and adjusting time length of each indexed time slots in the reference time duration by the calculated clock discrepancy per time slot to compensate for the clock discrepancy.

13. The vehicle of claim 12, wherein the microcontroller is further configured to:

detect for a transmission collision condition at the local node,

upon the transmission collision condition being detected in one of the at least one selected time slot, deselect the time slot and select a different time slot that is not selected by other nodes.

14. The vehicle of claim 12, wherein the microcontroller is further configured to:

detect a deadlock condition of the local node,

deselect all of the at least one selected time slot assigned to the vehicle and, for each of the at least deselected time slot, select a different time slot not selected by any other nodes and the vehicle.

15. A communication device for installation in a vehicle to establish and maintain vehicular communications among nodes in a two-hop neighborhood in a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) established according to a media access control (“

MAC”

) protocol, said MAC protocol having a time division scheme dividing a periodic time duration into a plurality of indexed time slots of a pre-selected time length, said communication device comprising;

a wireless signal receiver for receiving a wireless time reference signal at the vehicle from an external time reference signal source, said time reference signal providing consecutive timing markers separated by a reference time duration;

a microcontroller coupled to the wireless signal receiver, said microcontroller having a timer, the wireless signal receiver being coupled to the microcontroller and providing said timing markers to the microcontroller, said microcontroller being configured to calibrate the timer using the consecutive timing markers of the time reference signal received from the wireless signal receiver and to assign at least one indexed time slot to the communication device for message broadcasting;

a wireless message transceiver, said wireless message transceiver being controlled by said microcontroller to broadcast messages in the assigned at least one selected time slot and receive messages in other time slots;

a data communication interface coupled to one or more sensors installed on the vehicle, said one or more sensors collecting status information of the vehicle; and

an application message processor coupled to the data communication interface and the microcontroller, the application message processor processing the status information collected by the one or more sensors and package the status information to node messages for the microcontroller to pass to the wireless message transceiver to broadcast during the at least one selected time slot assigned to the vehicle and to process messages received by the wireless message transceiver from all other nodes in the neighborhood in time slots not assigned to the vehicle,

wherein the microcontroller is configured to calibrate the timer by calculating clock discrepancy between time provided by the clock timer and time provided by the consecutive timing markers accumulated during the reference time duration, dividing the clock discrepancy accumulated in the reference time duration by number of indexed time slots in the reference time duration, and adjusting time length of each indexed time slots in the reference time duration by the calculated clock discrepancy per time slot to compensate for the clock discrepancy.

16. The communication device of claim 15, further comprising:

a GPS (Global Positioning System) module, said GPS module including said wireless signal receiver, wherein said external time reference signal is time signal provided by a GPS satellite and the consecutive timing markers are the 1PPS (one-pulse-per-second) pulse edge of the GPS time signal, and

the GPS module being coupled to the microcontroller and the application message processor to provide location and speed information of the vehicle to the application message processor for inclusion in the status information of the vehicle,

wherein said messages broadcast by the wireless transceiver include the location and speed information of the vehicle provided by the GPS module.

17. The communication device of claim 16, further comprising:

an accelerometer, said accelerometer being configured to measure acceleration of the vehicle and providing said acceleration data to the application message processor for inclusion in the status information,

wherein said messages broadcast by the wireless transceiver include the acceleration data.

18. The communication device of claim 17, further comprising:

a warning message generator, said warning message generator receiving from the application message processor or directly from the one or more sensors status information of the vehicle and receiving from the application message processor status information of other nodes contained in the messages received by the wireless signal transceiver, and processing the status information of the vehicle and the status information of other nodes to generate warning messages.

19. The communication device of claim 18, wherein the warning message generator classifies the warning messages into categories and generates user alert messages for warning messages belonging to pre-selected categories.

20. The communication device of claim 18, further comprising:

a data storage device stored thereon GPS map data,

wherein the application message processor is configured to compute a predicted trajectory of movement of the vehicle, and to generate an internal safety message from the location and speed information, the acceleration data and the projected trajectory of the vehicle and of other nodes.

21. The communication device of claim 19, wherein the warning message generator generates a warning message if the safety message generated by the application message processor indicates imminent danger.