Detection and assessment of damage to composite structure

• US 10,302,524 B2
• Filed: 03/14/2017
• Issued: 05/28/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 12/26/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: The Boeing Co.
• Original Assignee: The Boeing Co.
• Inventors: Chang, Li Chun, Fortier, James M., Steckman, Ronald J., Coleman, Richard M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Simmons, Jennifer E
• Application Number:
  US15/458,569
• Publication Number:
  US 20170184650A1
• Time in Patent Office: 805 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 73/10 using patches sealing on the surface of the article B29C73/14 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 2045/0085 Devices for aircraft health monitoring, e.g. monitoring flutter or vibration
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 45/00 Aircraft indicators or protectors not otherwise provided for camouflage F41H3/00
• CPC Class Codes: B64F 5/40 Maintaining or repairing aircraft
• CPC Class Codes: B64F 5/60 Testing or inspecting aircraft components or systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01M 5/0016 of aircraft wings or blades
• CPC Class Codes: G01M 5/0033 by determining damage, crack or wear
• CPC Class Codes: G01M 5/0083 by measuring variation of impedance, e.g. resistance, capacitance, induction
• CPC Class Codes: G01M 5/0091 by using electromagnetic excitation or detection
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/20 Investigating the presence of flaws
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 3/02 Details
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 3/066 with electrical indicating or recording means
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 3/068 with optical indicating or recording means
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 5/006 Indicating maintenance

Abstract

Methods and systems for monitoring an integrity of electrical connectivity between a repair patch and a parent structure include providing the repair patch with an embedded sensor configured to detect electrical conductivity. The repair patch includes a ply of conductive material that overlaps a portion of a conductive layer of the parent structure. A baseline set of sensor data is acquired from the sensor indicative of an electrical connectivity between the ply of conductive material of the repair patch and the conductive layer of the parent structure. One or more additional sets of data may be obtained from the sensor and compared to the baseline set of data to determine an integrity of the electrical connectivity between the ply of conductive material of the repair patch and the conductive layer of the parent structure.

Claims

1. A method for verifying electrical connectivity of a repaired component of a parent structure having a composite layer and a conductive layer, the conductive layer having an interwoven wire fabric layer, the method comprising:

placing a repair patch over a repair site on the component, the repair patch including a plurality of plies of composite material and a ply of conductive material, the ply of conductive material having a patch-interwoven wire fabric layer, wherein the ply of conductive material is configured such that wires in the patch-interwoven wire fabric layer overlap wires in the interwoven wire fabric layer of the conductive layer of the parent structure;

embedding a sensor in the repair patch, the sensor configured to detect electrical conductivity at the repair site;

curing the plurality of plies of composite material of the repair patch so that the sensor is bonded to the repair site;

acquiring a baseline set of sensor data from the sensor which represents an electrical connectivity between the ply of conductive material of the repair patch and the conductive layer of the parent structure;

acquiring an additional set of sensor data from the sensor at a time subsequent to acquiring the baseline set of sensor data, the additional set of sensor data representing an electrical connectivity between the ply of conductive material of the repair patch and the conductive layer of the parent structure;

comparing a difference between the baseline set of sensor data and the additional set of sensor data; and

determining whether the difference between the baseline set of sensor data and the additional set of sensor data exceeds a specified threshold.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the difference between the baseline set of sensor data and the additional set of sensor data comprises creating a baseline signature based on the baseline set of sensor data, creating an additional signature based on the additional set of sensor data, and comparing the baseline signature and additional signature.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising issuing an alert signal in response to the difference between the baseline set of data and the additional set of data exceeding the specified threshold.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein issuing the alert signal comprises specifying a maintenance schedule for the repair site.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising subjecting the parent structure and repair patch to loads, wherein acquiring the baseline set of sensor data occurs prior to subjecting the parent structure and repair patch to loads, and wherein acquiring the additional set of sensor data occurs subsequent to subjecting the parent structure and repair patch to loads.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the parent structure comprises an aircraft, and wherein subjecting the parent structure and repair patch to loads comprises flying the aircraft.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein placing the repair patch over the repair site comprises positioning the ply of conductive material to have an overlap width relative to the conductive layer of the parent structure.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the additional set of sensor data is obtained during a flight of the parent structure.

9. A system comprising:

a parent structure having a composite layer and a conductive layer, the conductive layer having an interwoven wire fabric layer, the parent structure defining a repair site;

a repair patch including a plurality of plies of composite material and a ply of conductive material having a patch-interwoven wire fabric layer, the repair patch bonded to the composite layer of the parent structure, such that wires in the patch-interwoven wire fabric layer of the ply of conductive material overlap wires of the interwoven wire fabric layer of the conductive layer of the parent structure; and

a sensor embedded in the repair patch, the sensor configured to detect electrical connectivity between the ply of conductive material of the repair batch and the conductive layer of the parent structure at the repair site.

10. The system of claim 9, further comprising a non-volatile memory embedded in the repair patch and operably coupled to the sensor.

11. The system of claim 9, further comprising an interface unit embedded in the repair patch and operably coupled to the sensor.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the interface unit comprises a transceiver.

13. The system of claim 9, further comprising a power supply supported by the parent structure and operably coupled to the sensor.

14. The system of claim 9, further comprising a processor programmed to:

receive a baseline set of data from the sensor representing an electrical connectivity between the ply of conductive material of the repair patch and the conductive layer of the parent structure;

acquire an additional set of sensor data from the sensor at a time subsequent to acquiring the baseline set of sensor data, the additional set of sensor data representing an electrical connectivity between the ply of conductive material of the repair patch and the conductive layer of the parent structure;

compare a difference between the baseline set of sensor data and the additional set of sensor data; and

determine whether the difference between the baseline set of sensor data and the additional set of sensor data exceeds a specified threshold.

15. The system of 9, wherein the ply of conductive material of the repair patch is configured to have an overlap width relative to the conductive layer of the parent structure.

16. The system of 15, wherein the overlap width is approximately 1 inch.

17. A method of monitoring a repair site of a parent structure having a plurality of composite layers and a conductive layer, the conductive layer having an interwoven wire fabric layer, the method comprising:

applying a repair patch to the repair site, the repair including a plurality of plies of composite material and a ply of conductive material, the ply of conductive material having a patch-interwoven wire fabric layer, wherein wires of patch-interwoven wire fabric layer of the ply of conductive material overlap wires of the interwoven wire fabric layer of the conductive layer of the parent structure, the repair patch further including at least one sensor configured to detect electrical conductivity at the repair site;

acquiring a baseline set of sensor data from the sensor which represents an electrical connectivity between the ply of conductive material of the repair patch and the conductive layer of the parent structure;

periodically acquiring additional sets of sensor data from the sensor at times subsequent to acquiring the baseline set of sensor data, the additional sets of sensor data representing electrical connectivity between the ply of conductive material of the repair patch and the conductive layer of the parent structure; and

analyzing the periodically acquired sets of sensor data and the baseline set of sensor data to determine an integrity of the electrical connectivity between the ply of conductive material of the repair patch and the conductive layer of the parent structure.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein applying the repair patch to the repair site comprises positioning the ply of conductive material to have an overlap width relative to the conductive layer of the parent structure.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein the overlap width is approximately 1 inch.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein the sensor is embedded in the repair patch along a peripheral region in which the repair patch overlies the parent structure.