Systems, methods, and apparatus for detecting ferromagnetic foreign objects in a predetermined space

• US 10,302,795 B2
• Filed: 05/27/2015
• Issued: 05/28/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 12/30/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: WiTricity Corporation
• Original Assignee: WiTricity Corporation
• Inventors: Widmer, Hans Peter, Sieber, Lukas, Daetwyler, Andreas
• Primary Examiner(s): Koval, Melissa J
• Assistant Examiner(s): McDonnough, Courtney G
• Application Number:
  US14/723,358
• Publication Number:
  US 20160187520A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,462 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 27/02 Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant by measuring phase angle only G01R25/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 3/10 using induction coils
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 3/101 by measuring the impedance of the search coil; by measuring features of a resonant circuit comprising the search coil measuring impedance or characteristics derived therefrom G01R27/00, e.g. quality factor G01R27/26
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 3/38 Processing data, e.g. for analysis, for interpretation, for correction
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/60 responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings

Abstract

An apparatus for detecting a presence of an object includes an inductive sensing coil that is configurable to generate a first magnetic field. The inductive sensing coil is configured to have an electrical characteristic that is detectable when generating the first magnetic field. The electrical characteristic is configured to vary as a function of a second time-varying magnetic field simultaneously applied to the object. The apparatus comprises a controller configured to detect a change in the electrical characteristic and determine a presence of the object based on the detected change in the electrical characteristic. The electrical characteristic comprises one or more of an equivalent resistance, an equivalent inductance, an equivalent impedance, and an impulse response of the inductive sensing coil. The object comprises one or more of a ferromagnetic object, a metallic film and a metallic foil.

Claims

1. A method for detecting an object, comprising:

applying, by a signal generator, a voltage signal to a sense coil;

determining, by a processor, an amount of change in a reactance of the sense coil from a previous reactance value for the sense coil;

determining, by the processor, an amount of change in a resistance of the sense coil from a previous resistance value for the sense coil; and

determining, by the processor, a presence and a type of the object based on;

performing an inverse tangent operation on a quotient of the amount of change in the reactance of the sense coil divided by the amount of change in the resistance of the sense coil, and

determining the type of the object based on a result of the inverse tangent operation coinciding with a predetermined range of values corresponding to the type of the object.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a signal from the sense coil, wherein the reactance of the sense coil and the resistance of the sense coil are determinable from the received signal.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising high pass filtering the received signal from the sense coil.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the presence of a living object when the amount of change in the reactance of the sense coil is positive and the amount of change in the resistance of the sense coil is positive.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the presence of a metallic object when the amount of change in the reactance of the sense coil is negative and the amount of change in the resistance of the sense coil is positive.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the type of the object is determinable as a metallic object or a living object based on the result of the inverse tangent operation coinciding with a predetermined range of values corresponding to metallic objects or a predetermined range of values corresponding to living objects.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising triggering a positive object detection event when the relationship between the amount of change in the reactance of the sense coil and the amount of change in the resistance of the sense coil satisfies a triggering criteria for a predetermined amount of time.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the previous reactance value for the sense coil is a reactance of the sense coil when no object is present and the previous resistance value for the sense coil is the resistance of the sense coil when no object is present.

9. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium comprising code that, when executed, causes an apparatus for detecting an object to:

applying, by a signal generator, a voltage signal to a sense coil;

determine, by a processor, an amount of change in a reactance of the sense coil from a previous reactance value for the sense coil;

determine, by the processor, an amount of change in a resistance of the sense coil from a previous resistance value for the sense coil; and

determine, by the processor, a presence and a type of the object based on;

performing an inverse tangent operation on a quotient of the amount of change in the reactance of the sense coil divided by the amount of change in the resistance of the sense coil, and

determining the type of the object based on a result of the inverse tangent operation coinciding with a predetermined range of values corresponding to the type of the object.

10. The medium of claim 9, wherein the code, when executed, further causes the apparatus for detecting the object to receive a signal from the sense coil, wherein the reactance of the sense coil and the resistance of the sense coil are determinable from the received signal.

11. The medium of claim 9, wherein the code, when executed, further causes the apparatus for detecting the object to determine the presence of a living object when the amount of change in the reactance of the sense coil is positive and the amount of change in the resistance of the sense coil is positive.

12. The medium of claim 9, wherein the code, when executed, further causes the apparatus for detecting the object to determine the presence of a metallic object when the amount of change in the reactance of the sense coil is negative and the amount of change in the resistance of the sense coil is positive.

13. The medium of claim 9, wherein the code, when executed, further causes the apparatus for detecting the object to determine the type of the object as a metallic object or a living object based on the result of the inverse tangent operation coinciding with a predetermined range of values corresponding to metallic objects or a predetermined range of values corresponding to living objects.

14. The medium of claim 9, wherein the code, when executed, further causes the apparatus for detecting the object to trigger a positive object detection event when the relationship between the amount of change in the reactance of the sense coil and the amount of change in the resistance of the sense coil satisfies a triggering criteria for a predetermined amount of time.