Method and device for modulating an active load

• US 10,305,546 B2
• Filed: 05/02/2016
• Issued: 05/28/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 09/21/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Verimatrix Incorporated (Verimatrix SA)
• Original Assignee: Inside Secure SA
• Inventors: Bernard, Frederic, Cordier, Nicolas, Pernisek, Florian, Charrat, Bruno
• Primary Examiner(s): Tsvey, Gennadiy
• Application Number:
  US15/144,034
• Publication Number:
  US 20160308584A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,121 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/3816 Mechanical arrangements for accommodating identification devices, e.g. cards or chips; with connectors for programming identification devices
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/72 for local intradevice communication
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/08 the synchronisation signals recurring cyclically

Abstract

A method for sending data by inductive coupling includes: extracting an antenna signal from an antenna circuit, extracting from the antenna signal a first periodic signal, producing a second periodic signal by way of a synchronous oscillator, placing the oscillator in a free oscillation mode and applying to the antenna circuit the second periodic signal, modifying the impedance of the antenna circuit, restoring the amplitude of the antenna signal, then resynchronizing the oscillator on the first periodic signal.

Claims

1. A method for sending a data frame by inductive coupling, the method comprising:

receiving, by inductive coupling at an antenna circuit, an alternating external magnetic field, the antenna circuit being tuned based on a carrier frequency of the alternating external magnetic field;

producing, using the antenna circuit, a first periodic signal that is based on the alternating external magnetic field;

producing, by an oscillator circuit, a second periodic signal that is based on the first periodic signal;

performing a first synchronization of the second periodic signal based on the first periodic signal by placing the oscillator circuit in a synchronous oscillation mode;

placing the oscillator circuit in a free oscillation mode;

sending a first portion of the data frame by applying the second periodic signal to the antenna circuit, the first portion of the data frame being on a scale of one data bit or less; and

after the sending the first portion of the data frame;

performing a second synchronization of the second periodic signal to the first periodic signal by placing the oscillator circuit in the synchronous oscillation mode before applying the second periodic signal to the antenna circuit to send a second portion of the data frame, the second portion of the data frame being on the scale of one data bit or less.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

supplying a data-carrying modulation signal;

applying the second periodic signal to the antenna circuit when the data-carrying modulation signal has a first logic value; and

inhibiting application of the second periodic signal to the antenna circuit when the data-carrying modulation signal has a second logic value, the second logic value being opposite the first logic value.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

inhibiting application of the first periodic signal to a synchronization input of the oscillator circuit when the oscillator circuit is placed in the free oscillation mode; and

applying the first periodic signal to the synchronization input of the oscillator circuit when the oscillator circuit is placed in the synchronous oscillation mode.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein applying and inhibiting application of the first periodic signal to the synchronization input of the oscillator circuit includes applying and inhibiting application of the first periodic signal to the synchronization input of the oscillator circuit responsive to a masking signal.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising phase shifting the second periodic signal relative to the first periodic signal.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the data frame includes a plurality of encoded data bits.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

supplying a control voltage based on a phase signal;

generating the second periodic signal responsive to the control voltage; and

inhibiting supplying of the phase signal when placing the oscillator circuit in the free oscillation mode, so as to maintain a value of the control voltage.

8. A device for sending a data frame, the device comprising:

an antenna circuit in which an antenna signal is generated based on an alternating external magnetic field;

an oscillator circuit responsive to a first periodic signal extracted from the antenna signal, the oscillator circuit being configured to generate a second periodic signal based on the first periodic signal, the oscillator circuit having a synchronous oscillation mode configured to synchronize the second periodic signal based on the first periodic signal;

an active load modulation circuit configured to;

generate an active load modulation magnetic field for sending the data frame by inductive coupling; and

apply the second periodic signal to the antenna circuit when the oscillator circuit is placed in a free oscillation mode subsequent to being placed in the synchronous oscillation mode;

wherein;

the oscillator circuit is placed in the synchronous oscillation mode before applying the second periodic signal to the antenna circuit during the sending of the data frame, and

a portion of the data frame that is sent between a first occurrence of the oscillator circuit being placed in the synchronous oscillation mode and a second occurrence of the oscillator circuit being placed in the synchronous oscillation mode is on a scale of one data bit or less.

9. The device of claim 8, wherein:

the active load modulation circuit applies the second periodic signal to the antenna circuit when a data-carrying modulation signal has a first logic value; and

the active load modulation circuit is inhibited from applying the second periodic signal to the antenna circuit when the data-carrying modulation signal has a second logic value, the second logic value being opposite the first logic value.

10. The device of claim 8, wherein:

application of the first periodic signal to a synchronization input of the oscillator circuit is inhibited when the oscillator circuit is placed in the free oscillation mode; and

the first periodic signal is applied to the synchronization input of the oscillator circuit when the oscillator circuit is placed in the synchronous oscillation mode.

11. The device of claim 10, wherein the device is configured to selectively apply and inhibit application of the first periodic signal to the synchronization input of the oscillator circuit responsive to a masking signal.

12. The device of claim 8, wherein the oscillator circuit includes an astable oscillator having a specific self-oscillation frequency determined by components of the astable oscillator.

13. The device of claim 8, wherein the oscillator circuit further includes a phase locked loop including:

a phase comparator configured to provide a phase signal;

an active low-pass filter configured to receive the phase signal and supply a control voltage based on the phase signal; and

a voltage-controlled oscillator configured to receive the control voltage and generate the second periodic signal responsive to the control voltage,

wherein the phase comparator is inhibited from supplying the phase signal when switching into the free oscillation mode, so as to maintain a value of the control voltage at an input of the voltage-controlled oscillator.

14. The device of claim 8, further comprising a phase shifting circuit configured to phase shift the second periodic signal relative to the first periodic signal.

15. The device of claim 8, further comprising at least one host processor configured to supply the device with data to be sent.

16. The device of claim 8, wherein the device is mounted in or on a portable medium.

17. The device of claim 8, wherein the device is included in a smart card.

18. The device of claim 8, wherein the data frame includes a plurality of encoded data bits.

19. The device of claim 8, wherein the device is included in a smartphone.