Method and apparatus for automated shopper checkout using radio frequency identification technology

• US 10,311,438 B2
• Filed: 06/10/2014
• Issued: 06/04/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 11/08/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Walmart Apollo, LLC (WalMart Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Walmart Apollo, LLC (WalMart Inc.)
• Inventors: Lewis, Justin C., Ulrich, Richard B., Jones, Nicholaus A., Lowrie, Matthew M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sheikh, Asfand M
• Application Number:
  US14/301,225
• Publication Number:
  US 20140344087A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,820 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10366 the interrogation device being adapted for miscellaneous applications
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/202 Interconnection or interaction of plural electronic cash registers [ECR] or to host computer, e.g. network details, transfer of information from host to ECR or from ECR to ECR
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/203 Inventory monitoring
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/208 Input by product or record sensing, e.g. weighing or scanner processing
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/3278 RFID or NFC payments by means of M-devices
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/4016 involving fraud or risk level assessment in transaction processing
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 30/02 Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising
• CPC Class Codes: G07G 1/0045 with a code reader for reading of an identifying code of the article to be registered, e.g. barcode reader or radio-frequency identity [RFID] reader
• CPC Class Codes: G07G 1/0054 with control of supplementary check-parameters, e.g. weight or number of articles
• CPC Class Codes: G07G 1/0072 with means for detecting the weight of the article of which the code is read, for the verification of the registration weighing combined with recording means, e.g. in weighing scale, G01G19/415
• CPC Class Codes: G07G 1/009 the reader being an RFID reader
• CPC Class Codes: G07G 1/14 Systems including one or more distant stations co-operating with a central processing unit data transmission in general H04L; telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station H04Q9/00

Abstract

A method and apparatus involve: providing a plurality of products that are each associated with a respective radio frequency identification tag; using radio frequency identification technology to automatically identify specific products in a group of products collected by a shopper; and evaluating whether or not to obtain payment from the shopper based on the radio frequency identification of products in the group. Based on the result of the evaluation, either payment is obtained from the shopper on the basis of the radio frequency identification of products in the group, or else the products in the group are audited, and then payment is obtained on the basis of the products identified by the audit.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

providing a plurality of products that are each associated with a respective radio frequency identification tag;

assigning a business value selected by a seller from a plurality of values, where each of the plurality of values represents a different threshold level of a current willingness of the seller to tolerate shrinkage ranging between a willingness to tolerate a minimum level of shrinkage, one or more intermediate levels of shrinkage and a maximum level of shrinkage,

automatically selecting, by a computer system and based on the assigned business value, a value for each of a plurality of thresholds comprising a tag reading difficulty threshold, a tag count threshold, a product weight threshold, a product weight and tag count range threshold, and a product weight differential threshold,

wherein each of the plurality of thresholds comprises multiple selectable values, the assigned business value defining the value for each threshold,

wherein tag reading difficulty thresholds represent different levels of difficulty involved in identifying the product using the radio frequency identification technology;

tag count thresholds represent a different number of the products identified using the radio frequency identification technology;

product weight thresholds represent a different weight of the products identified using the radio frequency identification technology;

product weight and tag count range thresholds represent different relationships between product weight and number of tags of the products identified using the radio frequency identification technology; and

product weight differential thresholds represent different product weight differentials between a measured product weight and a calculated product weight of the products identified using the radio frequency identification technology;

using a scale coupled to the computer system and located proximate to a point of sale (POS) checkout area to output a signal corresponding to a total weight including at least a container and a group of products collected by a shopper within the container as the shopper enters the POS checkout area;

using one or more cameras coupled to the computer system and located proximate to the POS checkout area to output digital signaling corresponding to the container and the group of products collected by the shopper as the shopper enters the POS checkout area;

using radio frequency identification technology obtained from at least one RFID tag reader coupled to the computer system and located proximate to the POS checkout area in real time as the shopper enters the POS checkout area to automatically identify specific products within the group of the products collected by the shopper; and

determining, using the computer system and data obtained from each of the using steps and according to a set of rules, a value for each of a plurality of properties relating to the identified specific products collected by the shopper, wherein the plurality of properties comprises a tag reading difficulty, a tag count, a product weight, a product weight and tag count range, and a product weight differential;

evaluating, using the computer system and according to the set of rules, whether to obtain payment from the shopper based on the radio frequency identification of products in the group and as a function of the business value assigned by the seller, and

wherein the evaluating comprises applying, using the computer system and according to the set of rules, in real time the one or more of the plurality of thresholds having been automatically selected based on the assigned business value to one or more of the determined values of the plurality of properties of the identified products collected by the shopper, and

based on the result of the evaluating, carrying out one of;

obtaining payment from the shopper based on the radio frequency identification of products in the group; and

auditing the products in the group, and then obtaining payment from the shopper based on the products identified by the auditing.

2. A method according to claim 1,

including maintaining the business value in a memory of the computer system, wherein the assigned business value is selectively adjustable by the seller to a different one of the plurality of values.

3. The method of claim 2 further comprising:

adjusting the assigned business value to a new business value selected by the seller, a new business value being a different one of the plurality of values.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the adjusting the assigned business value can occur multiple times during a period of business operation hours.

5. A method according to claim 1,

wherein the evaluating includes comparing the determined value of the tag count for the products identified with radio frequency identification technology to the number of products identified with the digital signaling from the one or more cameras;

and

carrying out the auditing and the obtaining of payment based on the auditing if the comparison indicates that the determined value of the tag count for the products identified with radio frequency identification technology is different from the number of products identified with the digital signaling from the one or more cameras.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the business value has a numeric value selected by the seller, wherein an increasing numeric value of the business value corresponds to an increasing preference of the seller for accuracy at checkout.

7. The method of claim 1,

further comprising a first point-of-sale terminal at the POS checkout area,

wherein the auditing the products comprises auditing the products in the group at the first point-of-sale terminal by removing the products collected by the shopper from a product container and individually scanning the removed products to identify the specific products within the group of the products collected by the shopper, and then obtaining payment from the shopper at the first point-of-sale terminal based on the products identified by the auditing;

and

wherein the obtaining the payment comprises obtaining payment from the shopper based on the radio frequency identification of products in the group not at the first point-of-sale terminal.

8. The method of claim 1,

wherein the determining the value comprises determining, at least in part using the signal, determined values for one or more of the product weight, the product weight and tag count range, and the product weight differential.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the evaluating comprises determining whether the value of the tag reading difficulty property for any of the specific products identified using the radio frequency identification technology exceeds the selected value of the tag reading difficulty threshold.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the evaluating comprises determining whether the value of the tag count property for the specific products identified using the radio frequency identification technology exceeds the selected value of the tag count threshold.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the value for the product weight property is based on the signal from the scale, and

wherein the evaluating comprises determining whether the value of the product weight property exceeds the selected value of the product weight threshold.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the value for the product weight property is based on the signal from the scale, and

wherein the evaluating comprises determining whether the value of the product weight property is within the selected value of the product weight and tag count range threshold of the value of the tag count property for the specific products identified using the radio frequency identification technology.

13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

determining a calculated weight of the specific products identified using the radio frequency identification technology from a database of known product weights; and

determining a value for a product weight differential based on the calculated weight and the value of the product weight property, and

wherein the evaluating comprises determining whether the value of the product weight differential property exceeds the selected value of the product weight differential threshold.

14. A method, comprising:

providing a plurality of products that are each associated with a respective radio frequency identification tag;

using a scale coupled to a computer system and located proximate to a point of sale (POS) checkout area to output a signal corresponding to a total weight including at least a container and a group of products collected by a shopper within the container as the shopper enters the POS checkout area;

using one or more cameras coupled to the computer system and located proximate to the POS checkout area to output digital signaling corresponding to the container and the group of products collected by the shopper as the shopper enters the POS checkout area;

using radio frequency identification technology obtained from at least one RFID tag reader located proximate to the POS checkout area in real time as the shopper enters the POS checkout area to automatically identify specific products within the group of the products collected by the shopper; and

evaluating, using the computer system and according to a set of rules, whether to obtain payment from the shopper based on the radio frequency identification of products in the group and then, based on the result of the evaluating, carrying out one of;

obtaining payment from the shopper based on the radio frequency identification of products in the group; and

auditing the products in the group, and then obtaining payment from the shopper based on the products identified by the auditing;

wherein the evaluating according to the set of rules includes;

determining, using the computer system, the signal from the scale, the digital signaling from the one or more cameras, and the specific products identified using the radio frequency identification technology, and according to the set of rules, a value for each of a plurality of properties relating to the identified specific products collected by the shopper, wherein the plurality of properties comprises a tag reading difficulty, a tag count, a product weight, a product weight and tag count range, a product weight differential and a product count differential,

determining, for each of a plurality of different criteria that are each a function of the group of products collected by the shopper and the determined values for each of the plurality of properties, a confidence level having a value from a set of confidence levels corresponding to each criteria, resulting in a plurality of determined confidence levels specific to the products identified using radio frequency identification technology,

wherein the plurality of different criteria comprises a tag reading difficulty criteria, a tag count criteria, a product weight criteria, a product weight and tag count range criteria, a product weight differential criteria, and a count differential criteria, wherein each of a plurality of different criteria corresponds to a condition that suggests a likelihood that the radio frequency identification of products in the group may not be fully accurate,

wherein the tag reading difficulty criteria corresponds to a level of difficulty involved in identifying the product using the radio frequency identification technology;

the tag count criteria corresponds to a number of the products identified using the radio frequency identification technology;

the product weight criteria corresponds to a weight of the products based on the signal from the scale;

the product weight and tag count range criteria corresponds to a relationship between the weight of the products based on the signal from the scale and number of tags of the products identified using the radio frequency identification technology;

the product weight differential criteria corresponds to a weight differential between a measured product weight using the signal from the scale and a calculated product weight of the products identified using the radio frequency identification technology; and

the count differential criteria corresponds to a difference between the number of items identified using the radio frequency identification technology and a number of items identified using the one or more cameras,

wherein each of plurality of determined confidence levels comprise a tag reading difficulty confidence level, a tag count confidence level, a product weight confidence level, a product weight and tag count range confidence level, a product weight differential confidence level, and a count differential confidence level;

wherein the tag reading difficulty confidence level is associated with a level of difficulty involved in identifying the product using the radio frequency identification technology;

the tag count confidence level is associated with a number of the products identified using the radio frequency identification technology;

the product weight confidence level is associated with a weight of the products based on the signal from the scale;

the product weight and tag count range confidence level is associated with a relationship between the weight of the products based on the signal from the scale and number of tags of the products identified using the radio frequency identification technology;

the product weight differential confidence level is associated with a weight differential between a measured product weight and a calculated product weight of the products identified using the radio frequency identification technology; and

the count differential confidence level is associated with a difference between the number of items identified using the radio frequency identification technology and a number of items identified using the one or more cameras;

determining an overall confidence value based on a weighting of the plurality of determined confidence levels; and

determining the result of the evaluating as a function of the overall confidence value relative to a default threshold defined by the seller and selected by the seller from a plurality of default thresholds.

15. A method according to claim 14,

including using a further technology different from radio frequency identification technology to automatically identify the specific products within the group of the products collected by the shopper;

and

wherein the determining of confidence levels includes determining one of the confidence levels by assigning it a high level of confidence if the number of products identified with radio frequency identification technology equals the number of products identified with the further technology, and assigning it a low level of confidence if the number of products identified with radio frequency identification technology is different from the number of products identified with the further technology.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein the value of each of the plurality of confidence levels comprises a percentage.

17. The method of claim 14,

wherein the determining the value comprises determining, at least in part using the signal, determined values for one or more of the product weight, the product weight and tag count range, and the product weight differential.

18. The method of claim 14 wherein the determining the overall confidence value based on the weighting of the plurality of determined confidence levels comprises:

multiplying each of the plurality of determined confidence levels by a respective weighting factor to provide a plurality of weighted determined confidence levels;

summing each of the plurality of weighted determined confidence levels to provide a summed value; and

dividing the summed value by a summed total of the plurality of determined confidence levels.

19. A system, comprising:

an interrogation zone located proximate to a point of sale (POS) checkout area comprising;

a weight measuring section comprising a scale configured to output a signal corresponding to a total weight including at least a container and a group of products collected by a shopper within the container as the shopper enters the POS checkout area;

one or more cameras configured to output digital signaling corresponding to the container and the group of products collected by the shopper as the shopper enters the POS checkout area;

a radio frequency identification (RFID) section that uses radio frequency identification technology comprising at least one RFID tag reader configured to automatically identify specific products within the group of products collected by the shopper in real time as a shopper enters the POS checkout area, wherein each of the identified specific products is associated with a respective radio frequency identification tag; and

an evaluating section including a computer system coupled to the scale, the one or more cameras and the RFID tag reader and is configured to obtain a business value assigned by a seller from a plurality of values, where each of the plurality of values represents a different threshold level of a current willingness of the seller to tolerate shrinkage ranging between a willingness to tolerate a minimum level of shrinkage, one or more intermediate levels of shrinkage and a maximum level of shrinkage,

wherein the computer system is configured to automatically select, based on the assigned business value, a value for each of a plurality of thresholds comprising a tag reading difficulty threshold, a tag count threshold, a product weight threshold, a product weight and tag count range threshold, and a product weight differential threshold,

wherein each of the plurality of thresholds comprises multiple selectable values, the assigned business value defining the value for each threshold,

wherein tag reading difficulty thresholds represent different levels of difficulty involved in identifying the product using the radio frequency identification technology;

tag count thresholds represent a different number of the products identified using the radio frequency identification technology;

product weight thresholds represent a different weight of the products identified using the radio frequency identification technology;

product weight and tag count range thresholds represent different relationships between product weight and number of tags of the products identified using the radio frequency identification technology; and

product weight differential thresholds represent different product weight differentials between a measured product weight and a calculated product weight of the products identified using the radio frequency identification technology;

wherein the computer system is configured to determine, using the signal from the scale, the digital signaling from the one or more cameras, and the specific products identified using the radio frequency identification technology, and according to a set of rules, a value for each of a plurality of properties relating to the identified specific products collected by the shopper, wherein the plurality of properties comprises a tag reading difficulty, a tag count, a product weight, a product weight and tag count range, and a product weight differential;

wherein the computer system is further configured to evaluate according to a set of rules whether to obtain payment from the shopper based on the radio frequency identification of products in the group and as a function of the business value assigned by the seller; and

wherein the computer system is further configured to evaluate by applying, according to the set of rules, in real time the one or more of the plurality of thresholds having been automatically selected based on the assigned business value to one or more of the determined values of the plurality of properties of the identified specific products collected by the shopper, and then,

based on the result of the evaluation, the computer system calls for one of;

obtaining payment from the shopper based on the radio frequency identification of products in the group; and

auditing of the products in the group, followed by obtaining payment from the shopper based on the products identified by the auditing.

20. The system according to claim 19,

wherein the group of products collected by the shopper is in a shopping container;

wherein the scale measures the weight of the container and the products therein; and

wherein the computer system subtracts the tare weight of the container from the measured weight of the container and products therein in order to obtain the value for the product weight of the products.

21. The system according to claim 19, including first and second point-of-sale terminals that are each operatively coupled to the computer system the first point-of-sale terminal being used for the obtaining of payment from the shopper based on the radio frequency identification of products in the group, and the second point-of-sale terminal being used for the auditing of the products in the group, and the obtaining payment from the shopper based on the products identified by the auditing.

22. The system of claim 19, wherein the computer system is configured to determine whether the value of the tag reading difficulty property for any of the specific products identified using the radio frequency identification technology exceeds the selected value of the tag reading difficulty threshold.

23. The system of claim 19, wherein the computer system is configured to determine whether the value of the tag count property for the specific products identified using the radio frequency identification technology exceeds the selected value of the tag count threshold.

24. The system of claim 19, wherein the computer system is configured to determine whether the value of the product weight property exceeds the selected value of the product weight threshold.

25. The system of claim 19, wherein the computer system is configured to determine whether the value of the product weight property is within the selected value of the product weight and tag count range threshold of the value of the tag count property for the specific products identified using the radio frequency identification technology.

26. The system of claim 19, the computer system is further configured to:

determine a calculated weight of the specific products identified using the radio frequency identification technology from a database of known product weights; and

determine a value for a product weight differential based on the calculated weight and the value of the product weight property, and determine whether the value of the product weight differential property exceeds the selected value of the product weight differential threshold.

27. The system of claim 19 wherein the computer system is configured to:

maintain the assigned business value in a memory of the computer system, wherein the assigned business value is selectively adjustable by the seller to a different one of the plurality of values;

obtain an adjusted business value assigned by the seller from the plurality of values; and

adjust the assigned business value to a new business value selected by the seller, a new business value being a different one of the plurality of values.

28. The system of claim 27 wherein the computer system is configured to obtain adjusted business values multiple times during a period of business operation hours.