Mobile soil optical mapping system

• US 10,321,623 B1
• Filed: 07/23/2017
• Issued: 06/18/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 10/24/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Veris Technologies, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Veris Technologies, Inc.
• Inventors: Maxton, Chase, Drummond, Paul, Lund, Eric, Jensen, Kyle
• Primary Examiner(s): Nghiem, Michael P
• Application Number:
  US15/657,178
• Time in Patent Office: 695 Days
• Field of Search: 702 5, 702 28
• CPC Class Codes: A01B 79/005 Precision agriculture
• CPC Class Codes: A01C 21/007 Determining fertilization requirements
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/15 Preventing contamination of the components of the optical system or obstruction of the light path
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/276 with alternation of sample and standard in optical path
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/31 Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry G01N21/72 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/3563 for analysing solids; Preparation of samples therefor
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/359 using near infrared light
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/0625 Modulated LED
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 8/02 Prospecting

Abstract

A soil mapping system for collecting and mapping soil reflectance data in a field includes an implement having a furrow opener for creating a furrow and an optical module. The optical module is arranged to collect soil reflectance data at a predetermined depth within the furrow as the implement traverses a field. The optical module includes two monochromatic light sources, a window arranged to press against the soil, and a photodiode for receiving light reflected back from the soil through the window. The two light sources have different wavelengths and are modulated at different frequencies. The photodiode provides a modulated voltage output signal that contains reflectance data from both of the light sources. Additional measurement devices are carried by the implement for collecting additional soil property data, such as electrical conductivity, pH, and elevation, which can be used together with the optical data to determine variations in soil organic matter.

Claims

1. A soil mapping system, comprising:

an implement for traversing a field to be mapped, said implement comprising a frame with a toolbar, and a row unit pivotally mounted to said toolbar, said row unit comprising a subframe mounted to said toolbar by at least one pivotal linkage member;

a furrow opener mounted on the subframe for creating a furrow as the implement traverses the field;

an optical module mounted on the subframe, said optical module comprising at least one light source, a window arranged to press against soil in situ at a predetermined depth within said furrow with consistent pressure to provide a self-cleaning function, and an optical receiver for receiving light reflected back from the soil through the window; and

at least one depth gauging wheel mounted on the subframe in close proximity to the furrow opener to control the operating depth of the furrow opener and the optical module while allowing said subframe to move vertically relative to said toolbar to follow around undulations, whereby a consistent operating depth of the furrow opener and the optical module in soil can be maintained while said subframe is allowed to move vertically relative to said toolbar;

wherein said furrow opener comprises a pair of rotatable disks arranged on the implement to form a V-shaped slot in the soil; and

wherein said optical module is positioned in the V-shaped slot between said disks.

2. The soil mapping system according to claim 1, wherein said optical module is arranged to press said window against soil at the bottom of said furrow.

3. The soil mapping system according to claim 1, wherein said at least one depth gauging wheel comprises a pair of depth gauging side wheels mounted in close proximity to the disks to control the operating depth of the disks and to scrape off soil adhered to an outer surface of the disks.

4. The soil mapping system according to claim 1, further comprising a residue clearing device for removing residue from in front of the furrow opener.

5. The soil mapping system according to claim 4, wherein said residue clearing device comprises a fluted coulter for cutting residue and for opening a slot in the soil in front of the furrow opener.

6. The soil mapping system according to claim 5, wherein said residue clearing device further comprises a pair of trash clearing wheels that clear residue in front of said coulter.

7. The soil mapping system according to claim 1, wherein said optical module further comprises a temperature sensor.

8. The soil mapping system according to claim 1, wherein said optical module comprises a wear plate, and wherein said window is a sapphire window contained in said wear plate.

9. A soil mapping system, comprising:

an implement for traversing a field to be mapped, said implement comprising a frame with a toolbar, and a row unit pivotally mounted to said toolbar, said row unit comprising a subframe mounted to said toolbar by at least one pivotal linkage member;

a furrow opener mounted on the subframe for creating a furrow as the implement traverses the field;

an optical module mounted on the subframe, said optical module comprising at least one light source, a window arranged to press against soil in situ at a predetermined depth within said furrow with consistent pressure to provide a self-cleaning function, and an optical receiver for receiving light reflected back from the soil through the window; and

at least one depth gauging wheel mounted on the subframe in close proximity to the furrow opener to control the operating depth of the furrow opener and the optical module while allowing said subframe to move vertically relative to said toolbar to follow around undulations, whereby a consistent operating depth of the furrow opener and the optical module in soil can be maintained while said subframe is allowed to move vertically relative to said toolbar;

wherein said at least one pivotal linkage member comprises a parallel linkage that allows the row unit to move vertically relative to said frame to follow ground undulations.

10. The soil mapping system according to claim 9, wherein said furrow opener comprises a pair of rotatable disks arranged on the implement to form a V-shaped slot in the soil.

11. The soil mapping system according to claim 9, further comprising an adjustable down-force mechanism associated with said parallel linkage for adjusting a down-force of the row unit to match soil conditions.

12. The soil mapping system according to claim 9, wherein said row unit further comprises a pair of closing wheels or closing disks following the optical module for closing the slot in the soil to prevent erosion.

13. The soil mapping system according to claim 9,

wherein said at least one light source of said optical module comprises two monochromatic light sources having different wavelengths which are modulated at different frequencies.

14. The soil mapping system according to claim 13, wherein said optical receiver comprises a single photodiode arranged to receive light reflected back from the soil from each of said two monochromatic light sources.

15. A soil mapping system, comprising:

an implement for traversing a field to be mapped, said implement comprising a frame with a toolbar, and a row unit pivotally mounted to said toolbar, said row unit comprising a subframe mounted to said toolbar by at least one pivotal linkage member;

a furrow opener mounted on the subframe for creating a furrow as the implement traverses the field;

an optical module mounted on the subframe, said optical module comprising at least one light source, a window arranged to press against soil in situ at a predetermined depth within said furrow with consistent pressure to provide a self-cleaning function, and an optical receiver for receiving light reflected back from the soil through the window; and

at least one depth gauging wheel mounted on the subframe in close proximity to the furrow opener to control the operating depth of the furrow opener and the optical module while allowing said subframe to move vertically relative to said toolbar to follow ground undulations, whereby a consistent operating depth of the furrow opener and the optical module in soil can be maintained while said subframe is allowed to move vertically relative to said toolbar;

wherein said at least one light source of said optical module comprises two monochromatic light sources having different wavelengths which are modulated at different frequencies;

wherein said optical receiver comprises a single photodiode arranged to receive light reflected back from the soil from each of said two monochromatic light sources; and

further comprising a controller for receiving a modulated voltage from the photodiode, said controller comprising two function generators for sending two separate pulses to the two monochromatic light sources, a phase lock loop to separate each source of reflected light from the photodiode signal to form an output, an analog to digital converter to process the output, and a serial output, wherein the processed output is sent through the serial output for data logging.

16. A soil mapping system, comprising:

an implement for traversing a field to be mapped, said implement comprising a frame with a toolbar, and a row unit pivotally mounted to said toolbar, said row unit comprising a subframe mounted to said toolbar by a parallel linkage that allows the row unit to move vertically relative to the toolbar to follow ground undulations;

a furrow opener mounted on the subframe for creating a furrow as the implement traverses the field;

an optical module mounted on the subframe, said optical module comprising at least one light source, a window arranged to press against soil in situ at a predetermined depth within said furrow with consistent pressure to provide a self-cleaning function, and an optical receiver for receiving light reflected back from the soil through the window; and

at least one depth gauging wheel mounted on the subframe in close proximity to the furrow opener to control the operating depth of the furrow opener and the optical module, whereby a consistent operating depth of the furrow opener and the optical module in soil can be maintained while said subframe is allowed to move vertically relative to said toolbar via said parallel linkage.

17. The soil mapping system according to claim 16, wherein said furrow opener comprises a furrow opener disk, and said at least one depth gauging wheel is arranged to scrape soil from an outer sidewall of said furrow opener disk.

18. The soil mapping system according to claim 16, wherein said furrow opener comprises a pair of furrow opener disks arranged at a slight angle relative to a direction of travel so as to form a V-shaped furrow in the soil, said optical module located between said furrow opener disks, said at least one depth gauging wheel comprises a pair of gauge wheels mounted on the subframe in close proximity to the furrow opener, and said gauge wheels are arranged to scrape soil from outer sidewalls of said furrow opener disks.