Seizure sensing and detection using an implantable device

• US 10,321,866 B2
• Filed: 09/12/2014
• Issued: 06/18/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 06/28/2001
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Neuropace Inc.
• Original Assignee: Neuropace Inc.
• Inventors: Pless, Benjamin D., Archer, Stephen T., Baysinger, Craig M., Gibb, Barbara, Gurunathan, Suresh, Kirkpatrick, Bruce, Tcheng, Thomas K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Messersmith, Eric J
• Application Number:
  US14/484,605
• Publication Number:
  US 20140378807A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,740 Days
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/293 Invasive
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/369 Electroencephalography [EEG] devices for psychotechnics A61B5/16
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/372 Analysis of electroencephalograms
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4094 Diagnosing or monitoring seizure diseases, e.g. epilepsy
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6868 Brain
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7203 for noise prevention, reduction or removal
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7242 using integration
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7246 using correlation, e.g. template matching or determination of similarity
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7264 Classification of physiological signals or data, e.g. using neural networks, statistical classifiers, expert systems or fuzzy systems neural networks per se G06N3/00; expert systems per se G06N5/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7275 Determining trends in physiological measurement data; Predicting development of a medical condition based on physiological measurements, e.g. determining a risk factor
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36064 Epilepsy

Abstract

Systems, methods and devices are disclosed for directing and focusing signals to the brain for neuromodulation and for directing and focusing signals or other energy from the brain for measurement, heat transfer and imaging. An aperture in the skull and/or a channel device implantable in the skull can be used to facilitate direction and focusing. Treatment and diagnosis of multiple neurological conditions may be facilitated with the disclosed systems, methods and devices.

Claims

1. A method for detecting a neurological event by analyzing electrical signals from a patient'"'"'s brain with an implantable device, the method comprising:

configuring an implantable device to receive a plurality of electrical signals, wherein each of the plurality of electrical signals is received on a corresponding one of a plurality of sensing channels;

with a channel controller of the implantable device;

selecting a first of the plurality of sensing channels to apply its received electrical signal to a qualifying detection channel, wherein the received electrical signal applied to the qualifying detection channel is a first electrical signal of the brain sensed by a first electrode pair, and the qualifying detection channel is configured to analyze the first electrical signal and to determine whether at least one analysis of the first electrical signal results in an affirmative detection of a neurological event;

selecting a second of the plurality of sensing channels to apply its received electrical signal to a detection channel other than the qualifying detection channel, wherein the received electrical signal applied to the other detection channel is a second electrical signal of the brain sensed by a second electrode pair, and the other detection channel is configured to analyze the second electrical signal and to determine whether at least one analysis of the second electrical signal results in an affirmative detection of a neurological event; and

in event detector logic of the implantable device, comparing the result of the at least one analysis of the qualifying detection channel and the result of the at least one analysis of the other detection channel to determine whether, according to a predetermined logic operation, the implantable device should recognize a neurological event as having been detected,

wherein the implantable device is further configured so that the result of the at least one analysis of the qualifying detection channel persists for a period of time so that the event detector logic can compare the analysis result of the qualifying detection channel to the analysis result of the other detection channel in accordance with the predetermined logic operation even when there is not precise temporal synchronization of the analyses carried out on each of the qualifying detection channel and the other detection channel.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the event detector logic is such that the implantable device will recognize the neurological event as having been detected when the result of the at least one analysis of the qualifying detection channel and the result of the at least one analysis of the other detection channel are both affirmative detections.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the event detector logic will cause the implantable device to recognize the neurological event as a generalized seizure when the first electrical signal applied to the qualifying detection channel is received from a first region of the brain, and the second electrical signal applied to the other detection channel is received from a second region of the brain.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the event detector logic is such that the implantable device will recognize the neurological event as having been detected when the result of the at least one analysis of the qualifying detection channel is an affirmative detection and the result of the at least one analysis of the other detection channel is not an affirmative detection.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the event detector logic is such that the implantable device will not recognize the neurological event as having been detected when the result of the at least one analysis of the qualifying detection channel is an affirmative detection, regardless of whether the result of the at least one analysis of the other detection channel is an affirmative detection.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the implantable device is configured so that an affirmative detection of the at least one analysis of the qualifying detection channel corresponds to a condition in which there is excess noise on the first of the plurality of sensing channels.

7. An implantable device for detecting a neurological event by analyzing electrical signals from a patient'"'"'s brain, the device comprising:

a plurality of sensing channels configured to receive a plurality of electrical signals, wherein each of the plurality of electrical signals is received on a corresponding one of a plurality of sensing channels;

a channel controller configured to;

select a first of the plurality of sensing channels to apply its received electrical signal to a qualifying detection channel, wherein the received electrical signal applied to the qualifying detection channel is a first electrical signal of the brain sensed by a first electrode pair, and the qualifying detection channel is configured to analyze the first electrical signal and to determine whether at least one analysis of the first electrical signal results in an affirmative detection of a neurological event

select a second of the plurality of sensing channels to apply its received electrical signal to a detection channel other than the qualifying detection channel, wherein the received electrical signal applied to the other detection channel is a second electrical signal of the brain sensed by a second electrode pair, and the other detection channel is configured to analyze the second electrical signal and to determine whether at least one analysis of the second electrical signal results in an affirmative detection of a neurological event; and

event detector logic configured to compare the result of the at least one analysis of the qualifying detection channel and the result of the at least one analysis of the other detection channel to determine whether, according to a predetermined logic operation, the implantable device should recognize a neurological event as having been detected,

wherein the implantable device is further configured so that the result of the at least one analysis of the qualifying detection channel persists for a period of time so that the event detector logic can compare the analysis result of the qualifying detection channel to the analysis result of the other detection channel in accordance with the predetermined logic operation even when there is not precise temporal synchronization of the analyses carried out on each of the qualifying detection channel and the other detection channel.

8. The device of claim 7, wherein the event detector logic is such that the implantable device will recognize the neurological event as having been detected when the result of the at least one analysis of the qualifying detection channel and the result of the at least one analysis of the other detection channel are both affirmative detections.

9. The device of claim 8, wherein the event detector logic will cause the implantable device to recognize the neurological event as a generalized seizure when the first electrical signal applied to the qualifying detection channel is received from a first region of the brain, and the second electrical signal applied to the other detection channel is received from a second region of the brain.

10. The device of claim 7, wherein the event detector logic is such that the implantable device will recognize the neurological event as having been detected when the result of the at least one analysis of the qualifying detection channel is an affirmative detection and the result of the at least one analysis of the other detection channel is not an affirmative detection.

11. The device of claim 7, wherein the event detector logic is such that the implantable device will not recognize the neurological event as having been detected when the result of the at least one analysis of the qualifying detection channel is an affirmative detection, regardless of whether the result of the at least one analysis of the other detection channel is an affirmative detection.

12. The device of claim 11, wherein the implantable device is configured so that an affirmative detection of the at least one analysis of the qualifying detection channel corresponds to a condition in which there is excess noise on the first of the plurality of sensing channels.

13. A method for detecting a neurological event by analyzing electrical signals from a patient'"'"'s brain with an implantable device, the method comprising:

receiving a plurality of electrical signals, wherein each of the plurality of electrical signals is received on a corresponding one of a plurality of sensing channels;

analyzing the electrical signal received on a first sensing channel of the plurality of sensing channels to determine a detection outcome, wherein the electrical signal received on the first sensing channel is a first electrical signal of the brain sensed by a first electrode pair;

analyzing the electrical signal received on a second sensing channel of the plurality of sensing channels to determine a qualifying detection outcome, wherein the electrical signal received on the second sensing channel is a second electrical signal of the brain sensed by a second electrode pair; and

processing the detection outcome and the qualifying detection outcome to determine whether, according to a predetermined logic operation, the implantable device should recognize a neurological event as having been detected, wherein;

the predetermined logic operation is such that the implantable device recognizes a neurological event as having been detected when the qualifying detection outcome indicates an affirmative detection and the detection outcome indicates an affirmative detection, wherein the respective affirmative detections occur within a predetermined time of each other, and

the neurological event recognized by the implantable device is a generalized seizure when the detection outcome is based on signals received from a first region of the brain and the qualifying detection outcome is based on signals received from a second region of the brain, wherein the first region corresponds to the left hemisphere of the brain and the second region corresponds to the right hemisphere of the brain.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein:

the qualifying detection outcome is either a detection of noise or a non-detection of noise;

the detection outcome is either an affirmative detection or a non-affirmative detection; and

the predetermined logic operation is such that the implantable device does not recognize a neurological event when the qualifying detection outcome is a detection of noise, regardless of the detection outcome.