Determining sleep stages and sleep events using sensor data
First Claim
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1. A method performed by one or more computing devices, the method comprising:
- obtaining, by the one or more computing devices, sensor data generated by one or more sensors over a time period while a person is sleeping;
dividing, by the one or more computing devices, the time period into a series of intervals;
analyzing, by the one or more computing devices, heart rate and the changes in the heart rate of the person indicated by the sensor data over the intervals, wherein the analysis comprises;
determining approximate entropy measures indicating approximate entropy of a heart rate of the person for each of the intervals, comprising determining a series of heart rate values corresponding to different times within each interval and assessing multiple sliding windows of the heart rate values within each interval;
generating a heart-rate variability (HRV) signal for each of the intervals, performing a frequency analysis of the HRV signals, and generating HRV ratios each indicating a ratio of low frequency components of the HRV signal to high frequency components of the HRV signal; and
determining a relative heart rate measure for each of the intervals, each relative heart rate measure being determined based on multiple different windows over a series of sub-interval epochs within the interval, wherein the relative heart rate measure for an interval is determined based on comparisons, for each particular epoch of at least some of the epochs, of a heart rate measure for the particular epoch with heart rate measures for epochs that occur before and after the particular epoch in the window corresponding to the particular epoch;
obtaining sleep stage likelihood scores determined by multiple different sleep stage analysis functions based on the approximate entropy measures, the HRV ratios, and the relative heart rate measures, comprising;
determining, based on one or more of the approximate entropy measures and one or more of the relative heart rate measures, a first score indicating a likelihood that the sleep stage for a particular portion of the time period is in a set consisting of a REM stage and a wake stage; and
determining a second score to discriminate between the REM stage and the wake stage, the second score being determined based on (i) a measure representing a comparison of a measure of heart rate during the particular portion with a resting reference heart rate for the person and (ii) a level of movement of the person during the particular portion of the time period;
assigning, by the one or more computing devices, sleep stage labels to different portions of the time period based on a combination of the likelihood scores from the multiple different sleep stage analysis functions; and
providing, by the one or more computing devices, an indication of the assigned sleep stage labels.
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Abstract
Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for determining sleep stages and sleep events using sensor data. In some implementations, sensor data is obtained over a time period while a person is sleeping. The time period is divided into a series of intervals. Heart rate and changes in the heart rate are analyzed over the intervals. Based on the analysis of the heart rate changes, sleep stage labels are assigned to different portions of the time period. An indication of the assigned sleep stage labels is provided.
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Citations
25 Claims
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1. A method performed by one or more computing devices, the method comprising:
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obtaining, by the one or more computing devices, sensor data generated by one or more sensors over a time period while a person is sleeping; dividing, by the one or more computing devices, the time period into a series of intervals; analyzing, by the one or more computing devices, heart rate and the changes in the heart rate of the person indicated by the sensor data over the intervals, wherein the analysis comprises; determining approximate entropy measures indicating approximate entropy of a heart rate of the person for each of the intervals, comprising determining a series of heart rate values corresponding to different times within each interval and assessing multiple sliding windows of the heart rate values within each interval; generating a heart-rate variability (HRV) signal for each of the intervals, performing a frequency analysis of the HRV signals, and generating HRV ratios each indicating a ratio of low frequency components of the HRV signal to high frequency components of the HRV signal; and determining a relative heart rate measure for each of the intervals, each relative heart rate measure being determined based on multiple different windows over a series of sub-interval epochs within the interval, wherein the relative heart rate measure for an interval is determined based on comparisons, for each particular epoch of at least some of the epochs, of a heart rate measure for the particular epoch with heart rate measures for epochs that occur before and after the particular epoch in the window corresponding to the particular epoch; obtaining sleep stage likelihood scores determined by multiple different sleep stage analysis functions based on the approximate entropy measures, the HRV ratios, and the relative heart rate measures, comprising; determining, based on one or more of the approximate entropy measures and one or more of the relative heart rate measures, a first score indicating a likelihood that the sleep stage for a particular portion of the time period is in a set consisting of a REM stage and a wake stage; and determining a second score to discriminate between the REM stage and the wake stage, the second score being determined based on (i) a measure representing a comparison of a measure of heart rate during the particular portion with a resting reference heart rate for the person and (ii) a level of movement of the person during the particular portion of the time period; assigning, by the one or more computing devices, sleep stage labels to different portions of the time period based on a combination of the likelihood scores from the multiple different sleep stage analysis functions; and providing, by the one or more computing devices, an indication of the assigned sleep stage labels. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
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24. A system comprising:
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one or more computing devices; one or more computer-readable media storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more computing devices, cause the one or more computing devices to perform operations comprising; obtaining, by the one or more computing devices, sensor data generated by one or more sensors over a time period while a person is sleeping; dividing, by the one or more computing devices, the time period into a series of intervals; analyzing, by the one or more computing devices, heart rate and the changes in the heart rate of the person indicated by the sensor data over the intervals, wherein the analysis comprises; determining approximate entropy measures indicating approximate entropy of a heart rate of the person for each of the intervals, comprising determining a series of heart rate values corresponding to different times within each interval and assessing multiple sliding windows of the heart rate values within each interval; generating a heart-rate variability (HRV) signal for each of the intervals, performing a frequency analysis of the HRV signals, and generating HRV ratios each indicating a ratio of low frequency components of the HRV signal to high frequency components of the HRV signal; and determining a relative heart rate measure for each of the intervals, each relative heart rate measure being determined based on multiple different windows over a series of sub-interval epochs within the interval, wherein the relative heart rate measure for an interval is determined based on comparisons, for each particular epoch of at least some of the epochs, of a heart rate measure for the particular epoch with heart rate measures for epochs that occur before and after the particular epoch in the window corresponding to the particular epoch; obtaining sleep stage likelihood scores determined by multiple different sleep stage analysis functions based on the approximate entropy measures, the HRV ratios, and the relative heart rate measures, comprising; determining, based on one or more of the approximate entropy measures and one or more of the relative heart rate measures, a first score indicating a likelihood that the sleep stage for a particular portion of the time period is in a set consisting of a REM stage and a wake stage; and determining a second score to discriminate between the REM stage and the wake stage, the second score being determined based on (i) a measure representing a comparison of a measure of heart rate during the particular portion with a resting reference heart rate for the person and (ii) a level of movement of the person during the particular portion of the time period; assigning, by the one or more computing devices, sleep stage labels to different portions of the time period based on a combination of the likelihood scores from the multiple different sleep stage analysis functions; and providing, by the one or more computing devices, an indication of the assigned sleep stage labels.
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25. One or more computer-readable media storing instructions that, when executed by one or more computing devices, cause the one or more computing devices to perform operations comprising:
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obtaining, by the one or more computing devices, sensor data generated by one or more sensors over a time period while a person is sleeping; dividing, by the one or more computing devices, the time period into a series of intervals; analyzing, by the one or more computing devices, heart rate and the changes in the heart rate of the person indicated by the sensor data over the intervals, wherein the analysis comprises; determining approximate entropy measures indicating approximate entropy of a heart rate of the person for each of the intervals, comprising determining a series of heart rate values corresponding to different times within each interval and assessing multiple sliding windows of the heart rate values within each interval; generating a heart-rate variability (HRV) signal for each of the intervals, performing a frequency analysis of the HRV signals, and generating HRV ratios each indicating a ratio of low frequency components of the HRV signal to high frequency components of the HRV signal; and determining a relative heart rate measure for each of the intervals, each relative heart rate measure being determined based on multiple different windows over a series of sub-interval epochs within the interval, wherein the relative heart rate measure for an interval is determined based on comparisons, for each particular epoch of at least some of the epochs, of a heart rate measure for the particular epoch with heart rate measures for epochs that occur before and after the particular epoch in the window corresponding to the particular epoch; obtaining sleep stage likelihood scores determined by multiple different sleep stage analysis functions based on the approximate entropy measures, the HRV ratios, and the relative heart rate measures, comprising; determining, based on one or more of the approximate entropy measures and one or more of the relative heart rate measures, a first score indicating a likelihood that the sleep stage for a particular portion of the time period is in a set consisting of a REM stage and a wake stage; and determining a second score to discriminate between the REM stage and the wake stage, the second score being determined based on (i) a measure representing a comparison of a measure of heart rate during the particular portion with a resting reference heart rate for the person and (ii) a level of movement of the person during the particular portion of the time period; assigning, by the one or more computing devices, sleep stage labels to different portions of the time period based on a combination of the likelihood scores from the multiple different sleep stage analysis functions; and providing, by the one or more computing devices, an indication of the assigned sleep stage labels.
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Specification