Color tuning of electrochromic devices using an organic dye
First Claim
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1. An electrochromic device, comprising:
- an electrochromic material and a standard dye disposed between at least two electrodes, or an electrochromic material disposed between at least two electrodes and a standard dye external to the at least two electrodes,wherein the electrochromic material is a conjugated polymer, an inorganic electrochromic material, or an oligomeric electrochromic material, andwherein the standard dyeis a solvent dye,does not undergo redox (reduction or oxidation) processes within the potential window for operation of the electrochromic device, anddoes not react with the electrochromic material.
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Abstract
Disclosed is a method to color tune an electrochromic device by the use of a standard dye. By following the “subtractive color mixing” theory and selecting the appropriate standard dye to compliment or accentuate the electrochromic material, tuning of the optical and colorimetric properties of the resulting electrochromic device can be achieved. The method can also be used to prepare electrochromic devices that will switch between two neutral colors.
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Citations
26 Claims
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1. An electrochromic device, comprising:
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an electrochromic material and a standard dye disposed between at least two electrodes, or an electrochromic material disposed between at least two electrodes and a standard dye external to the at least two electrodes, wherein the electrochromic material is a conjugated polymer, an inorganic electrochromic material, or an oligomeric electrochromic material, and wherein the standard dye is a solvent dye, does not undergo redox (reduction or oxidation) processes within the potential window for operation of the electrochromic device, and does not react with the electrochromic material. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
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8. A method of forming a solid-state electrochromic device, comprising:
applying voltage to a device comprising at least two electrodes, a combination of a crosslinked gel electrolyte composition, an electroactive monomer, and a standard dye, the combination disposed between the at least two electrodes, and a potential source in electrical connection with the at least two electrodes; wherein the applying voltage polymerizes the electroactive monomer to form a composite comprising conjugated polymer, standard dye, and crosslinked gel electrolyte composition; and wherein the standard dye is a solvent dye, is soluble in a gel electrolyte precursor solvent used to prepare the crosslinked gel electrolyte composition, does not undergo redox (reduction or oxidation) processes within the potential window for operation of the electrochromic device, does not react with the conjugated polymer when oxidized, reduced, or neutral, and optionally appropriately compliments or accentuates the conjugated polymer in the bleached state, the colored state, or both. - View Dependent Claims (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17)
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18. A solid-state electrochromic device, comprising:
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at least two electrodes; and a composite disposed between the at least two electrodes, the composite comprising a conjugated polymer, a standard dye, and a crosslinked gel electrolyte composition; wherein the composite is formed by in situ polymerization of an electroactive monomer in a combination comprising the crosslinked gel electrolyte composition, the standard dye, and the electroactive monomer, wherein the conjugated polymer is not formed as a discrete film; and wherein the standard dye is a solvent dye, is soluble in a gel electrolyte precursor solvent used to prepare the crosslinked gel electrolyte composition, does not undergo redox (reduction or oxidation) processes within the potential window for operation of the electrochromic device, does not react with the conjugated polymer when oxidized, reduced, or neutral, and optionally appropriately compliments or accentuates the conjugated polymer in the bleached state, the colored state, or both. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
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Specification