Building energy storage system with peak load contribution cost optimization
First Claim
1. An energy storage system for a building, the system comprising:
- a battery configured to store electrical energy purchased from a utility and to discharge the stored electrical energy for use in satisfying a building energy load; and
an energy storage controller configured to;
generate a cost function comprising an energy cost term and a separate peak load contribution (PLC) term, wherein the energy cost term represents a first cost based on an amount of the electrical energy purchased from the utility during each time step of a total number of time steps in an optimization period, wherein the PLC term represents a second cost based on an amount of the electrical energy purchased from the utility during coincidental peak (CP) hours in the optimization period, the CP hours comprising a subset of the total number of time steps in the optimization period, wherein both the first cost and the second cost are functions of one or more decision variables representing an amount of the electrical energy to store in the battery or discharge from the battery during each time step of the optimization period;
modify the cost function by applying a peak hours mask to the PLC term, wherein the peak hours mask identifies one or more hours in the optimization period as projected peak hours and causes the energy storage controller to assign zero cost, in the PLC term, to the electrical energy purchased from the utility during any hours not identified as projected peak hours; and
allocate, to each of the time steps within the optimization period, an optimal amount of electrical energy to store in the battery or discharge from the battery during the time step by optimizing the modified cost function, wherein optimizing the modified cost function comprises performing an optimization process to determine optimal values of the decision variables that optimize a total cost defined by the modified cost function.
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Abstract
An energy storage system for a building includes a battery and an energy storage controller. The battery is configured to store electrical energy purchased from a utility and to discharge stored electrical energy for use in satisfying a building energy load. The energy storage controller is configured to generate a cost function including a peak load contribution (PLC) term. The PLC term represents a cost based on electrical energy purchased from the utility during coincidental peak hours in an optimization period. The controller is configured to modify the cost function by applying a peak hours mask to the PLC term. The peak hours mask identifies one or more hours in the optimization period as projected peak hours and causes the energy storage controller to disregard the electrical energy purchased from the utility during any hours not identified as projected peak hours when calculating a value for the PLC term.
21 Citations
20 Claims
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1. An energy storage system for a building, the system comprising:
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a battery configured to store electrical energy purchased from a utility and to discharge the stored electrical energy for use in satisfying a building energy load; and an energy storage controller configured to; generate a cost function comprising an energy cost term and a separate peak load contribution (PLC) term, wherein the energy cost term represents a first cost based on an amount of the electrical energy purchased from the utility during each time step of a total number of time steps in an optimization period, wherein the PLC term represents a second cost based on an amount of the electrical energy purchased from the utility during coincidental peak (CP) hours in the optimization period, the CP hours comprising a subset of the total number of time steps in the optimization period, wherein both the first cost and the second cost are functions of one or more decision variables representing an amount of the electrical energy to store in the battery or discharge from the battery during each time step of the optimization period; modify the cost function by applying a peak hours mask to the PLC term, wherein the peak hours mask identifies one or more hours in the optimization period as projected peak hours and causes the energy storage controller to assign zero cost, in the PLC term, to the electrical energy purchased from the utility during any hours not identified as projected peak hours; and allocate, to each of the time steps within the optimization period, an optimal amount of electrical energy to store in the battery or discharge from the battery during the time step by optimizing the modified cost function, wherein optimizing the modified cost function comprises performing an optimization process to determine optimal values of the decision variables that optimize a total cost defined by the modified cost function. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
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11. A method for allocating a battery asset in an energy storage system, the method comprising:
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generating a cost function comprising an energy cost term and a separate peak load contribution (PLC) term, wherein the energy cost term represents a first cost based on an amount of electrical energy purchased from a utility during each time step of a total number of time steps in an optimization period, wherein the PLC term represents a second cost based on an amount of the electrical energy purchased from the utility during coincidental peak (CP) hours in the optimization period, the CP hours comprising a subset of the total number of time steps in the optimization period, wherein both the first cost and the second cost are functions of one or more decision variables representing an amount of the electrical energy to store in the battery or discharge from the battery during each time step of the optimization period; modifying the cost function by applying a peak hours mask to the PLC term, wherein the peak hours mask identifies one or more hours in the optimization period as projected peak hours and causes the electrical energy purchased from the utility during any hours not identified as projected peak hours to be assigned zero cost in the PLC term; allocating, to each of the time steps within the optimization period, an optimal amount of electrical energy to store in a battery or discharge from the battery during the time step by optimizing the modified cost function, wherein optimizing the modified cost function comprises performing an optimization process to determine optimal values of the decision variables that optimize a total cost defined by the modified cost function; and operating the battery to store electrical energy purchased from the utility and discharge the stored electrical energy based on the optimal amounts of electrical energy allocated to each time step. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17)
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18. An energy cost optimization system for a building, the system comprising:
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HVAC equipment configured to consume electrical energy purchased from a utility for use in satisfying a building energy load; and a controller configured to; generate a cost function comprising an energy cost term and a separate peak load contribution (PLC) term, wherein the energy cost term represents a first cost based on an amount of the electrical energy purchased from the utility during each time step of a total number of time steps in an optimization period, wherein the PLC term represents a second cost based on an amount of the electrical energy purchased from the utility during coincidental peak (CP) hours in the optimization period, the CP hours comprising a subset of the total number of time steps in the optimization period, wherein both the first cost and the second cost are functions of one or more decision variables representing an amount of the electrical energy to store in the battery or discharge from the battery during each time step of the optimization period; modify the cost function by applying a peak hours mask to the PLC term, wherein the peak hours mask identifies one or more hours in the optimization period as projected peak hours and causes the controller to assign zero cost, in the PLC term, to the electrical energy purchased from the utility during any hours not identified as projected peak hours; and allocate, to each of the time steps within the optimization period, an amount of the electrical energy to be consumed by the HVAC equipment during the time step by performing an optimization of the modified cost function, wherein performing the optimization of the modified cost function comprises performing an optimization process to determine values of the decision variables that optimize a total cost defined by the modified cost function. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20)
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Specification