Imaging techniques using an imaging guidewire

• US 10,327,645 B2
• Filed: 10/01/2014
• Issued: 06/25/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 10/04/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Phyzhon Health Inc.
• Original Assignee: Vascular Imaging Corporation
• Inventors: Rourke, Howard Neil, Eberle, Michael J., Tasker, Diana Margaret
• Primary Examiner(s): Cwern, Jonathan
• Application Number:
  US15/026,521
• Publication Number:
  US 20160242653A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,728 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 1/0017 Details of single optical fibres, e.g. material or cladding
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/306 using optical fibres
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2576/00 Medical imaging apparatus involving image processing or analysis A61B1/00009, A61B6/52 and A61B8/52 take precedence; image processing per se G06T; details of algorithms for analysing medical images G06T7/0012
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0084 for introduction into the body, e.g. by catheters A61B5/1459 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0095 by applying light and detecting acoustic waves, i.e. photoacoustic measurements
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0097 by applying acoustic waves and detecting light, i.e. acoustooptic measurements
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6851 Guide wires
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7203 for noise prevention, reduction or removal
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/742 using visual displays A61B5/339 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01H 9/004 using fibre optic sensors light guides per se G02B6/00, acousto-optical devices specially adapted for gating or modulating in optical wave guides G02F1/125
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/29319 With a cascade of diffractive elements or of diffraction operations forming interferometer by splitting and recombining G02B6/29347 - G02B6/29358

Abstract

Techniques for imaging are disclosed. In one example, the disclosure is directed to a sensor positioned on an elongate optical fiber. The sensor comprises a plurality of blazed Bragg gratings configured to generate acoustic energy for imaging a region in response to a first optical signal, an interferometer configured to sense acoustic energy from the region and to provide a responsive second optical signal, the interferometer including a first fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and a second FBG, wherein the plurality of blazed Bragg gratings are positioned between the first and second FBGs.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

tuning a pulsed transmit laser to a first wavelength and transmitting first optical signals;

switching, using an optical switch circuit, the first optical signals from the pulsed transmit laser to at least a first one of a plurality of optical fibers toward first blazed Bragg gratings configured to generate acoustic energies for imaging first regions in response to the first optical signals;

sensing acoustic energies from the first regions and providing responsive second optical signals,

tuning the pulsed transmit laser to a second wavelength and transmitting third optical signals;

switching, using the optical switch circuit, the third optical signals from the pulsed transmit laser to at least a second one of a plurality of optical fibers toward second blazed Bragg gratings configured to generate acoustic energies for imaging second regions in response to the third optical signals;

sensing acoustic energies from the second regions and providing responsive fourth optical signals;

acquiring information from the responsive second and fourth optical signals;

generating an image of the first and second regions from the information;

tracking, using a laser tracking circuit of receive laser circuitry, a position of a point on a slope of a transmission notch generated within a reflection band by a pair of fiber Bragg gratings, wherein the first and second blazed Bragg gratings are positioned between the pair of fiber Bragg gratings; and

adjusting an operating characteristic of the pulsed transmit laser using a change in the position of the point to compensate for a change in temperature.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

displaying the generated image on a display.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

prior to generating the image, generating different polarization states using a polarization scrambler to mitigate an effect of at least one of optical birefringence and ultrasound induced birefringence.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein sensing acoustic energies from the first regions and providing responsive second optical signals includes:

transmitting, using a receive laser, a fifth optical signal on another one of the optical fibers, the fifth optical signal to be modulated by the acoustic energies to produce the second optical signals, the method further comprising;

prior to generating the image, obtaining first phase noise information from the receive laser during a first duration and second phase noise information from the receive laser during a second duration; and

subtracting the second phase noise information from the first phase noise information to improve a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

5. A method comprising:

tuning a pulsed transmit laser to a first wavelength and transmitting a first optical signal;

switching, using an optical switch circuit, the first optical signal from the pulsed transmit laser to an optical fiber toward a first blazed Bragg grating configured to generate acoustic energy for imaging a first region in response to the first optical signal;

sensing, using an interferometer including a first fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and a second FBG, acoustic energy from the region and providing a responsive second optical signal;

tuning the pulsed transmit laser to a second wavelength and transmitting a third optical signal,

switching, using the optical switch circuit, the third optical signals from the pulsed transmit laser to the optical fiber toward a second blazed Bragg grating configured to generate acoustic energy for imaging a second region in response to the third optical signal, wherein the first and second blazed Bragg gratings are positioned between the first and second FBGs;

sensing, using the interferometer, acoustic energy from the second region and providing a responsive fourth optical signal;

acquiring information from the responsive second and fourth optical signals;

generating an image of the first and second regions from the information;

tracking, using a laser tracking circuit of receive laser circuitry, a position of a point on a slope of a transmission notch generated within a reflection band by a pair of fiber Bragg gratings,

wherein the first and second blazed Bragg gratings are positioned between the pair of fiber Bragg gratings; and

adjusting an operating characteristic of the pulsed transmit laser using a change in the position of the point to compensate for a change in temperature.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:

displaying the generated image on a display.

7. The method of claim 5, further comprising:

prior to generating the image, generating different polarization states using a polarization scrambler to mitigate an effect of at least one of optical birefringence and ultrasound induced birefringence.

8. The method of claim 5, wherein sensing, using an interferometer including a first fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and a second FBG, acoustic energy from the region and providing a responsive second optical signal includes:

transmitting, using a receive laser, a fifth optical signal on another one of the optical fibers, the fifth optical signal to be modulated by the acoustic energy to produce the responsive second optical signal, the method further comprising;

prior to generating the image, obtaining first phase noise information during a first duration and second phase noise information during a second duration; and

subtracting the second phase noise information from the first phase noise information.

9. A system for generating images of a body lumen, the system comprising:

a pulsed transmit laser configured to transmit first optical signals at a first wavelength;

an optical switch circuit configured to switch the first optical signals from the pulsed transmit laser to at least a first one of a plurality of optical fibers toward first blazed Bragg gratings configured to generate acoustic energies for imaging a first region of the body lumen in response to the first optical signals;

receive laser circuitry including;

a receive laser configured to transmit second optical signals at a second wavelength on a second one of the plurality of optical fibers, the second optical signals to be modulated by the acoustic energies; and

a laser tracking circuit configured to track a position of a point on a slope of a transmission notch generated within a reflection band by a pair of fiber Bragg gratings, wherein the first and second blazed Bragg gratings are positioned between the pair of fiber Bragg gratings;

data acquisition circuitry configured to acquire information from the modulated second optical signals; and

a controller configured to;

tune the transmit laser to the first wavelength;

tune the receive laser to the second wavelength; and

an imaging processing system configured to execute instructions that define an imaging algorithm to generate an image of the first region of the body lumen; and

adjust an operating characteristic of the pulsed transmit laser using a change in the position of the point to compensate for a change in temperature.