Automatic heart rate diagnostics

• US 10,335,047 B2
• Filed: 05/24/2017
• Issued: 07/02/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 08/02/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Gunderson, Bruce D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Voorhees, Catherine M
• Application Number:
  US15/603,901
• Publication Number:
  US 20180035899A1
• Time in Patent Office: 769 Days
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02405 Determining heart rate variability
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0245 by using sensing means generating electric signals, i.e. ECG signals
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02455 provided with high/low alarm devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1116 Determining posture transitions
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1118 Determining activity level
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/283 Invasive
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/316 Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/686 Permanently implanted devices, e.g. pacemakers, other stimulators, biochips A61B5/6861 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7246 using correlation, e.g. template matching or determination of similarity
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/746 Alarms related to a physiological condition, e.g. details of setting alarm thresholds or avoiding false alarms alarms per se G08B
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3925 Monitoring; Protecting
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3956 Implantable devices for applying electric shocks to the heart, e.g. for cardioversion

Abstract

In some examples, processing circuitry of a medical device system determines, for each of a plurality of periods, a plurality of heart rates of a patient based on a cardiac electrogram signal, and identifies a first subset of the plurality of heart rates as nighttime heart rates and a second subset of the plurality of heart rates as resting heart rates. The processing circuitry determines a representative nighttime heart rate based on the first subset of the plurality of heart rates, determines a representative resting heart rate based on the second subset of the plurality of heart rates, and determines a nocturnal dip base on the representative nighttime heart rate and the representative resting heart rate. The processing circuitry compares at least one of the representative nighttime heart rate, the representative resting heart rate, and the nocturnal dip in heart rate to a respective threshold value, and determines whether to generate an alert indicating a change in the cardiac function of the patient based on the comparison.

Claims

1. A medical device system comprising:

sensing circuitry configured to sense a cardiac electrogram signal of a patient via a plurality of electrodes and generate a signal that varies as a function of movement and posture of the patient; and

processing circuitry configured to, for each of a plurality of periods;

determine a plurality of heart rates of the patient based on the cardiac electrogram signal;

identify a first subset of the plurality of heart rates as nighttime heart rates, wherein each of the first subset of the plurality of heart rates occur when the patient is expected or determined to be asleep;

identify a second subset of the plurality of heart rates as resting heart rates, wherein each of the second subset of the plurality of heart rates occur when the patient is expected or determined to be awake and when at least one of the patient is lying down or an activity level of the patient satisfies a patient inactivity threshold;

determine a representative nighttime heart rate based on the first subset of the plurality of heart rates;

determine a representative resting heart rate based on the second subset of the plurality of heart rates;

determine a nocturnal dip based on the representative nighttime heart rate and the representative resting heart rate;

compare at least one of the representative nighttime heart rate, the representative resting heart rate, and the nocturnal dip to a respective threshold value; and

determine whether to generate an alert indicating a change in the cardiac function of the patient based on the comparison.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of periods comprises approximately one day.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of heart rates comprise heart rates determined at predetermined intervals during a plurality of sub periods, wherein the plurality of sub-periods comprises:

a first sub-period, wherein the first subset of nighttime heart rates are heart rates determined during the first sub-period; and

a second sub-period, wherein the second subset of resting heart rates are heart rates determined during the second sub-period.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the second subset of resting heart rates are heart rates of the plurality of heart rates that were determined during the second sub-period when the activity level of the patient satisfies the patient inactivity threshold.

5. The system of claim 3, wherein the second subset of resting heart rates are heart rates of the plurality of heart rates that were determined during the second sub-period when the patient is lying down and the activity level of the patient satisfies the inactivity threshold and.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to determine that the patient was at least one of upright or active for a threshold amount of time during the second sub-period based on one or more physiological signals of the patient, and wherein the second subset of resting heart rates are heart rates of the plurality of heart rates that were determined during the second sub-period after the patient was the at least one of upright or active for the threshold amount of time.

7. The system of claim 3, wherein the intervals comprise approximately one minute.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the representative resting heart rate comprises a minimum value of the second subset of the plurality of heart rates identified as resting heart rates.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the representative nighttime heart rate comprises a minimum value of the first subset of the plurality of heart rates identified as nighttime heart rates.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the nocturnal dip comprises a value by which the representative nighttime heart rate differs from the representative resting heart rate.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to generate an alert based on:

comparing the representative resting heart rate to the respective threshold value, wherein the respective threshold value comprises a predetermined number of beats per minute; and

determining that the representative resting heart rate is at least one of equal to or greater than the predetermined number of beats per minute.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to generate an alert based on:

comparing the representative resting heart rate to the respective threshold value, wherein the respective threshold value is based on at least one of a mean or median of the representative resting heart rate determined for one or more previous periods; and

determining that the representative resting heart rate is at least one of equal to or greater than the respective threshold value.

13. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to generate an alert based on:

comparing the nocturnal dip to the respective threshold value, wherein the respective threshold for the nocturnal dip is based on values of nocturnal dip determined for one or more previous periods; and

determining that the nocturnal dip is at least one of equal to or less than the respective threshold value.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to generate an alert based on:

determining whether the nocturnal dip was equal to or less than a predetermined percentage value during one or more previous periods; and

determining that the number of times that the nocturnal dip was equal to or less than the respective threshold value during the one or more previous periods is at least one of equal to or greater than the predetermined number of times.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the threshold value comprises a predetermined percentage value by which the representative nighttime heart rate differs from the representative resting heart rate.

16. The system of claim 1, further comprising an implantable medical device, wherein the implantable medical device comprises a housing configured for implantation in the patient, wherein the housing includes the sensing circuitry and the processing circuitry.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the housing of the implantable medical device further includes a plurality of electrodes coupled to the sensing circuitry, and wherein the sensing circuitry is configured to generate a subcutaneous cardiac electrogram based on cardiac signals sensed via the electrodes.

18. A method comprising:

generating, by sensing circuitry configured to sense a cardiac electrogram signal of a patient via a plurality of electrodes, a signal that varies as a function of movement and posture of the patient; and

for each of a plurality of periods, by processing circuitry;

determining a plurality of heart rates of the patient based on the cardiac electrogram signal;

identifying a first subset of the plurality of heart rates as nighttime heart rates wherein each of the first subset of the plurality of heart rates occur when the patient is expected or determined to be asleep;

identifying a second subset of the plurality of heart rates as resting heart rates, wherein each of the second subset of the plurality of heart rates occur when the patient is expected or determined to be awake and when at least one of the patient is lying down or an activity level of the patient satisfies a patient inactivity threshold;

determining a representative nighttime heart rate based on the first subset of the plurality of heart rates;

determining a representative resting heart rate based on the second subset of the plurality of heart rates;

determining a nocturnal dip based on the representative nighttime heart rate and the representative resting heart rate;

comparing at least one of the representative nighttime heart rate, the representative resting heart rate, and the nocturnal dip to a respective threshold value; and

determining whether to generate an alert indicating a change in the cardiac function of the patient based on the comparison.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein each of the plurality of periods comprises approximately one day.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein the plurality of heart rates comprise heart rates determined, by the processing circuitry, at predetermined intervals during a plurality of sub periods, wherein the plurality of sub-periods comprises:

a first sub-period, wherein the first subset of nighttime heart rates are heart rates determined during the first sub-period; and

a second sub-period, wherein the second subset of resting heart rates are heart rates determined during the second sub-period.