Fiber sensor

• US 10,338,000 B2
• Filed: 09/24/2013
• Issued: 07/02/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 09/24/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Gumennik, Alexander, Stolyarov, Alexander Mark, Schell, Brent Richard, Hou, Chong, Lestoquoy, Guillaume Romain, Sorin, Fabien, McDaniel, II, William Richard, Fink, Yoel, Rose, Aimee, Joannopoulos, John Dimitris
• Primary Examiner(s): Turk, Neil N
• Application Number:
  US14/035,933
• Publication Number:
  US 20140212084A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,107 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: B29D 11/00721 involving preforms for the manufacture of light guides
• CPC Class Codes: C03B 2201/86 Chalcogenide glasses, i.e. S, Se or Te glasses
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/7753 Reagent layer on photoelectrical transducer
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/7786 Fluorescence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/76 Chemiluminescence; Bioluminescence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/7703 using reagent-clad optical fibres or optical waveguides using measurement of total internal reflection or attenuated total reflection G01N21/552; optical fibres or waveguides per se G02B
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/84 Systems specially adapted for particular applications
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02314 Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/4283 with electrical insulation means
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/4291 by accessing the evanescent field of the light guide

Abstract

There is provided a sensor fiber including an electrically insulating material having a fiber length. At least one transduction element is disposed along at least a portion of the fiber length and is arranged for exposure to an intake species. A photoconducting element is in optical communication with the transduction element. At least one pair of electrically conducting electrodes are in electrical connection with the photoconducting element. The pair of electrodes extend the fiber length.

Claims

1. A sensor fiber comprising:

An elongated, unsupported three-dimensional fiber body comprising an electrically insulating polymeric material, the fiber body having a fiber length and an outer fiber body surface along the fiber length, with at least one intake aperture disposed in the fiber body for accepting an intake species into the fiber body;

at least one transduction element comprising a chemiluminescent material disposed within the fiber body along at least a portion of the to fiber length and arranged for exposure to an intake species provided through an intake aperture in the fiber body, the chemiluminescent material emitting chemiluminescent light upon exposure to a target intake species with a wavelength of chemiluminescence indicative of the target intake species;

at least one photoconducting element comprising a semiconducting material arranged in the fiber body in optical communication with the transduction element to receive chemiluminescent light produced by the chemiluminescent material upon reaction of the chemiluminescent material with the target species to produce a corresponding electrical sensing signal indicative of the target intake species; and

at least one pair of electrically conducting electrodes in electrical connection with the photoconducting element in the fiber body, the pair of electrodes extending the fiber length to transmit the electrical sensing signal to an end of the fiber body.

2. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the chemiluminescent material extends the fiber length.

3. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the chemiluminescent material is disposed at an end of the fiber.

4. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the at least one transduction element comprises a plurality of transduction elements, each transduction element in the plurality disposed at a different site along the fiber length.

5. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the chemiluminescent material comprises a layer of chemiluminescent material.

6. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the chemiluminescent material comprises a layer of chemiluminescent material that is disposed on an internal wall of the fiber body.

7. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the at least one transduction element comprises a plurality of transduction elements, each transduction element in the plurality emitting light upon exposure to a different intake species.

8. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the at least one transduction element comprises a plurality of different chemiluminescent materials.

9. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the target intake species comprises one of peroxide vapor and liquid peroxide.

10. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the target intake species comprises 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene.

11. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the target intake species comprises an explosive species.

12. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the at least one transduction element includes a scintillation transduction element that scintillates upon exposure to a radioactive species.

13. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the chemiluminescent material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of fluorescein and naphthofluorescein.

19. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the electrically insulating material is substantially transparent to a wavelength of light that is generated by the chemiluminescent material.

20. The sensor fiber of claim 1 further comprising at least one microcapillary disposed within the fiber body, extending the fiber length and in fluidic communication with at least one intake aperture and the chemiluminescent material for exposure of the chemiluminescent material to the intake species.

21. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein at least one transduction element is disposed in the fiber body at a site adjacent to an intake aperture.

22. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the semiconducting element comprises a chalcogenide glass.

23. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the semiconducting element comprises a chalcogenide glass selected from the group consisting of Se₉₇S₃, As₂₄S₃₈Se₃₈, and As₃₀Se₆₃Sb₄Sn₃.

24. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the photoconducting element comprises a layer of the semiconducting material, extending the fiber length.

25. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the photoconducting element comprises a layer of the semiconducting material, extending the fiber length and including portions of semiconducting material that are crystalline, separated by portions of semiconducting material that are amorphous.

26. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the photoconducting element comprises a semiconducting material having a bandgap energy that is less than about 3 eV.

27. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the photoconducting element comprises a layer of the semiconducting material, disposed in the fiber body, along the fiber length.

28. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the photoconducting element comprises a layer of the semiconducting material disposed in the fiber body adjacent to the transduction element.

29. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the at least one photoconducting element comprises a plurality of different semiconducting materials, each semiconducting material being sensitive to a different wavelength of chemiluminescent light.

30. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the electrodes comprise a material selected from the group of metals and metal alloys.

31. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the electrodes are connected in a photodetector circuit that includes a voltage source connected to apply a bias voltage to the photoconducting element.

32. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the electrodes are connected to deliver an electrical signal from an end of the sensor fiber to an output circuit that includes a current measurement element to measure an indication of photogenerated charge produced by the photoconducting element.

33. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein the electrodes are connected to deliver an electrical signal from an end of the sensor fiber to an output circuit that produces an electrical indication of exposure of the transduction element to an intake species.

34. The sensor fiber of claim 1 wherein each electrode is geometrically confined within the fiber body by the electrically insulating material of the fiber body.

14. A sensor fiber comprising:

an elongated, unsupported three-dimensional fiber body comprising an electrically insulating polymeric material, the fiber body having a fiber length and an outer fiber body surface along the fiber length;

at least one transduction element comprising a chemiluminescent material disposed within the fiber body along at least a portion of the fiber, the chemiluminescent material emitting chemiluminescent light upon exposure to a target intake species with a wavelength of chemiluminescence indicative of the target intake species;

at least one intake microcapillary disposed within the fiber body and extending the fiber length for intake of species to be sensed, the chemiluminescent material being in communication with a microcapillary for exposure of the chemiluminescent material to an intake species;

at least one photoconducting element comprising a semiconducting material arranged in the fiber body in optical communication with the transduction element to receive chemiluminescent light produced by the chemiluminescent material upon reaction of the chemiluminescent material with the target species to produce a corresponding electrical sensing signal indicative of the target intake species; and

at least one pair of electrically conducting electrodes in electrical connection with the photoconducting element in the fiber body, the pair of electrodes extending the fiber length to transmit the electrical sensing signal to an end of the fiber body.

15. The sensor fiber of claim 14 wherein the at least one intake microcapillary comprises a plurality of spaced-apart intake microcapillaries.

16. The sensor fiber of claim 14 wherein the intake microcapillary comprises a hollow fiber core.

17. The sensor fiber of claim 14 wherein the intake microcapillary has a cross section that is generally circular.

18. The sensor fiber of claim 14 wherein the intake microcapillary has a cross section that is generally rectangular.