Quick-release end effectors and related systems and methods

• US 10,342,561 B2
• Filed: 09/14/2015
• Issued: 07/09/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 09/12/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Virtual Incision Corporation
• Original Assignee: Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska
• Inventors: Farritor, Shane, Shasho, Jeff, Bachman, Alan, Blier, Kenneth
• Primary Examiner(s): Rodjom, Katherine M
• Application Number:
  US14/853,477
• Publication Number:
  US 20160074120A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,394 Days
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/2812 with a single pivotal connection A61B17/29 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/29 Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/2909 Handles
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 18/1445 at the distal end of a shaft, e.g. forceps or scissors at the end of a rigid rod
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/00398 using powered actuators, e.g. stepper motors, solenoids
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/00473 Distal part, e.g. tip or head A61B2017/00464 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/00477 Coupling A61B2017/0046 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/00876 magnetic
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00172 Connectors and adapters therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00208 actively driven, e.g. by a motor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00595 Cauterization
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/30 Surgical robots
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 90/50 Supports for surgical instruments, e.g. articulated arms

Abstract

The various embodiments disclosed herein relate to arms or forearms of medical devices that are configured to couple with quick-release end effectors, quick-release end effectors for use with such medical devices, and arms or forearms coupled to such quick-release end effectors. Certain forearms and end effectors have magnetic couplings, while others have mechanical couplings, and further implementations have both magnetic and mechanical couplings.

Claims

1. An arm component for a medical device, the arm component comprising:

(a) an arm body;

(b) a rotatable cylinder disposed within the arm body, the rotatable cylinder comprising;

(i) an end effector lumen defined within the rotatable cylinder; and

(ii) at least one torque transfer channel defined in a wall of the end effector lumen such that the least one torque transfer channel extends longitudinally along the wall from a distal end of the end effector lumen; and

(c) a rotatable linear drive component operably coupled to the rotatable cylinder, the linear drive component comprising;

(i) a rotatable body; and

(ii) a drive component lumen defined in a distal portion of the rotatable body, wherein the drive component lumen comprises mating features defined within the drive component lumen.

2. The arm component of claim 1, further comprising a ring seal disposed between the arm body and the rotatable cylinder, whereby the ring seal is configured to prevent fluid from accessing the arm body.

3. The arm component of claim 1, further comprising a first motor operably coupled to a first drive gear, wherein the first drive gear is operably coupled to an external gear disposed on an outer wall of the rotatable cylinder, wherein actuation of the first motor causes rotation of the rotatable cylinder.

4. The arm component of claim 1, further comprising a second motor operably coupled to a second drive gear, wherein the second drive gear is operably coupled to a driven gear operably coupled to the linear drive component, wherein actuation of the second motor causes rotation of the linear drive component.

5. The arm component of claim 1, further comprising:

(a) a first outer contact ring disposed around the rotatable cylinder;

(b) a second outer contact ring disposed around the rotatable cylinder;

(c) a first contact component disposed on an outer wall of the rotatable cylinder such that the first contact component is in continuous contact with the first inner contact ring regardless of a rotational position of the rotatable cylinder;

(d) a second contact component disposed on the outer wall of the rotatable cylinder such that the second contact component is in continuous contact with the second inner contact ring regardless of the rotational position of the rotatable cylinder;

(e) a first inner contact ring disposed on the inner wall of the end effector lumen; and

(f) a second inner contact ring disposed on the inner wall of the end effector lumen.

6. The arm component of claim 5, further comprising a quick-release end effector configured to be positionable within the end effector lumen, the quick-release end effector comprising first and second end effector contact components, wherein the first end effector contact component is in contact with the first inner contact ring and the second end effector contact component is in contact with the second inner contact ring when the quick-release end effector is operably coupled to the arm.

7. The arm component of claim 1, further comprising a quick-release end effector configured to be positionable within the end effector lumen, the quick-release end effector comprising:

(a) an end effector body;

(b) at least one torque transfer protrusion defined in an exterior portion of the end effector body, wherein the at least one torque transfer protrusion is configured to be mateable with the at least one torque transfer channel in the end effector lumen;

(c) a rod disposed within the end effector body; and

(d) a rod coupling component disposed at a proximal portion of the rod, wherein the rod coupling component is configured to be coupleable with the mating features defined in the lumen of the rotatable linear drive component.

8. A quick-release end effector for a medical device, the end effector comprising:

(a) an end effector body;

(b) an end effector coupling component disposed around the end effector body, the end effector coupling component comprising at least one male protrusion extending from the coupling component;

(c) at least one torque transfer protrusion defined in an exterior portion of the end effector body;

(d) a rod disposed within the end effector body;

(e) a rod coupling component disposed at a proximal portion of the rod, the rod coupling component comprising first mating features disposed on an external portion of the rod coupling component; and

(f) first and second contact rings disposed around the rod.

9. The quick-release end effector of claim 8, further comprising an end effector disposed at a distal end of the end effector body, wherein the end effector is operably coupled to the rod such that actuation of the rod causes actuation of the end effector.

10. The quick-release end effector of claim 8, further comprising a grasper end effector comprising first and second grasper arms, wherein the first contact ring is electrically coupled to the first grasper arm and the second contact ring is electrically coupled to the second grasper arm.

11. The quick-release end effector of claim 8, wherein the end effector body is configured to be positionable in a lumen of an arm of a medical device.

12. The quick-release end effector of claim 8, wherein the end effector body is configured to be positionable in a lumen of an arm of a medical device, the lumen comprising at least one torque transfer channel defined in the lumen, wherein the at least one torque transfer protrusion is configured to be mateable with the at least one torque transfer channel in the end effector lumen.

13. The quick-release end effector of claim 8, wherein the end effector body is configured to be positionable in a lumen of an arm of a medical device, wherein the arm comprises at least one female channel defined in a distal portion of the arm, wherein the end effector coupling component is configured to be coupleable to the arm such that the at least one male protrusion is mateable with the at least one female channel.

14. The quick-release end effector of claim 8, wherein the end effector is configured to be positionable in an arm of a medical device, wherein the arm comprises:

(a) an arm body;

(b) a rotatable cylinder disposed within the arm body, the rotatable cylinder comprising;

(i) an end effector lumen defined within the rotatable cylinder; and

(ii) at least one torque transfer channel defined in a wall of the end effector lumen; and

(c) a rotatable linear drive component operably coupled to the rotatable cylinder, the linear drive component comprising;

(i) a rotatable body; and

(i) a lumen defined in a distal portion of the rotatable body, wherein the lumen comprises second mating features defined within the lumen,

wherein the first mating features of the rod coupling component are configured to be coupleable with the second mating features defined within in the lumen of the rotatable linear drive component.