Nanoclay sorbents for dialysis

• US 10,342,912 B2
• Filed: 11/17/2017
• Issued: 07/09/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 07/01/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Baxter Healthcare SA (Baxter International Inc.), Baxter International Inc.
• Original Assignee: Baxter International Inc.
• Inventors: Yeh, Rosa H., Xie, Wei, Yang, Hsinjin E., Ling, Michael T. K., Lo, Ying-Cheng
• Primary Examiner(s): Patel, Shefali D
• Application Number:
  US15/816,550
• Publication Number:
  US 20180071446A1
• Time in Patent Office: 599 Days
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/14 Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators semi-permeable membranes characterised by the material, manufacturing processes therefor B01D71/00; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/154 with sensing means or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/155 with treatment-fluid pumping means or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1565 Details of valves
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/159 specially adapted for peritoneal dialysis
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/16 with membranes
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1619 Sampled collection of used dialysate, i.e. obviating the need for recovery of whole dialysate quantity for post-dialysis analysis
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1696 with dialysate regeneration
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/28 Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/284 Continuous flow peritoneal dialysis [CFPD]
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/30 Single needle dialysis ; Reciprocating systems, alternately withdrawing blood from and returning it to the patient, e.g. single-lumen-needle dialysis or single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/34 Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3406 Physical characteristics of the filtrate, e.g. urea
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3413 Diafiltration
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3472 with treatment of the filtrate
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3486 Biological, chemical treatment, e.g. chemical precipitation; treatment by absorbents
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2202/0021 removed from and reintroduced into the body, e.g. after treatment
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2202/0028 fluid entering a filter
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2202/0078 changed by chemical action
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2202/0498 Urea
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/0211 : Ceramics
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/12 : with interchangeable cassettes forming partially or totally the fluid circuit
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/125 : with incorporated filters
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/126 : with incorporated membrane filters
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/15 : Detection of leaks
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3331 : Pressure; Flow
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3368 : Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/50 : with microprocessors or computers
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/75 : with filters
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2209/088 : on the body
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2210/1017 : Peritoneal cavity
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 48/09 : Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 48/152 : the inner surfaces thereof

Abstract

Dialysis is enhanced by using nanoclay sorbents to better absorb body wastes in a flow-through system. The nanoclay sorbents, using montmorillonite, bentonite, and other clays, absorb significantly more ammonium, phosphate, and creatinine, and the like, than conventional sorbents. The montmorillonite, the bentonite, and the other clays may be used in wearable systems, in which a dialysis fluid is circulated through a filter with the nanoclay sorbents. Waste products are absorbed by the montmorillonite, the bentonite, and the other clays and the dialysis fluid is recycled to a patient'"'"'s peritoneum. Using an ion-exchange capability of the montmorillonite, the bentonite, and the other clays, waste ions in the dialysis fluid are replaced with desirable ions, such as calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate. The nanoclay sorbents are also useful for refreshing a dialysis fluid used in hemodialysis and thus reducing a quantity of the dialysis fluid needed for the hemodialysis.

Claims

1. A system for removing body wastes from blood, the system comprising:

catheters for circulating the blood to and from a hemodialysis machine;

a replaceable cartridge housing connected to the catheters, the housing having a first end including an inlet, and a second end including an outlet;

a filter with nanoclay particles, the filter attached to the catheters, wherein the nanoclay particles comprise a processed nanoclay having at least one dimension from 1 nm to 200 nm, and wherein the nanoclay particles have been chemically enhanced with an acid to increase an acidity such that urea uptake is increased; and

a drain container connected to the catheters for removing an excess fluid.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processed nanoclay is selected from the group consisting of expanded clays, exfoliated clays, intercalated clays, and substituted clays.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the processed nanoclay comprises at least one of a smectite, a kaolin, an illite, a chlorite, an attapulgite, and a combination of one or more thereof.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the processed nanoclay comprises swellable nanoclays selected from the group consisting of smectite nanoclays, sepiolite nanoclays, zeolite nanoclays, palygorskite nanoclays, and mixtures thereof.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the processed nanoclay is selected from the group consisting of processed montmorillonite clay, processed bentonite clay, processed kaolin, processed talc, and processed vermiculite.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the processed nanoclay is a cationic ion exchange compound.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the replaceable cartridge housing comprises at least one of carbon, charcoal, and a zirconium compound.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the replaceable cartridge housing comprises a sensor for detecting ammonia or an ammonia by-product in the blood used in removing the body wastes.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the nanoclay particles comprise ions for refreshing and renewing the blood by replacing waste product ions to produce a refreshed and renewed blood that is suitable for reuse.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the ions from the nanoclay particles are selected from the group consisting of sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, chloride, acetate, bicarbonate and lactate.