Hemodynamically unstable ventricular arrhythmia detection

• US 10,350,426 B2
• Filed: 08/07/2018
• Issued: 07/16/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 12/23/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Sheldon, Todd J., Demmer, Wade M., Whitman, Teresa A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Mahmood, Nadia A
• Application Number:
  US16/056,676
• Publication Number:
  US 20180339163A1
• Time in Patent Office: 343 Days
• Field of Search: 607 4
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/363 Detecting tachycardia or bradycardia
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/686 Permanently implanted devices, e.g. pacemakers, other stimulators, biochips A61B5/6861 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6869 Heart
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3621 for treating or preventing abnormally high heart rate
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36542 controlled by body motion, e.g. acceleration
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36578 controlled by mechanical motion of the heart wall, e.g. measured by an accelerometer or microphone
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36585 controlled by two or more physical parameters
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/39622 Pacing therapy

Abstract

An implantable medical device system includes a pacemaker and an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). The pacemaker is configured to confirm a hemodynamically unstable rhythm based on an activity metric determined from an activity sensor signal after detecting a ventricular tachyarrhythmia and withhold anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP) pulses in response to confirming the hemodynamically unstable rhythm. The pacemaker may deliver ATP when a hemodynamically unstable rhythm is not confirmed based on the activity metric. The ICD is configured to detect the ATP and withhold a shock therapy in response to detecting the ATP in some examples.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

sensing a first cardiac electrical signal;

detecting a ventricular tachyarrhythmia from the first cardiac electrical signal;

obtaining, from an activity sensor, an activity sensor signal, the activity sensor signal correlated to patient activity and comprising heart motion signals;

determining an activity metric from the activity sensor signal;

comparing the activity metric to an unstable rhythm threshold;

confirming the detected ventricular tachyarrhythmia as being a hemodynamically unstable rhythm based on the activity metric being less than the unstable rhythm threshold; and

withholding anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP) in response to confirming the hemodynamically unstable rhythm.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

delivering anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP) pulses in response to not confirming the hemodynamically unstable rhythm based on the activity metric being less than the unstable rhythm threshold;

sensing, with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), a second cardiac electrical signal;

detecting, by the ICD, the ventricular tachyarrhythmia from the second cardiac electrical signal;

sensing from the second cardiac electrical signal, by the ICD, at least one ATP pulse delivered by a pacemaker device; and

withholding a shock therapy by the ICD in response to sensing the at least one ATP pulse.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising, responsive to sensing the at least one ATP pulse, starting high voltage capacitor charging by the ICD.

4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

delaying the withheld shock therapy in response to sensing the at least one ATP pulse; and

delivering the delayed shock therapy in response to redetecting the ventricular tachyarrhythmia after detecting the at least one ATP pulse and no longer detecting ATP pulses.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the activity metric to the unstable rhythm threshold comprises:

comparing the activity metric to a normal resting range of the activity metric corresponding to a resting state of the patient, wherein the normal resting range comprises activity metric values between an upper-bound activity metric value and a lower-bound activity metric value, and wherein the lower-bound activity metric value comprises the unstable rhythm threshold.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

establishing a lower rate set point as a maximum value of the activity metric during a patient resting state; and

establishing the unstable rhythm threshold based on the lower rate set point.

7. The method of claim 1,

wherein the unstable rhythm threshold is less than an expected resting range of the activity metric, wherein the method further comprises:

sensing a second cardiac electrical signal by an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD);

detecting, by the ICD, the ventricular tachyarrhythmia from the second cardiac electrical signal;

responsive to detecting the ventricular tachyarrhythmia, determining from the second cardiac electrical signal an absence of ATP pulses delivered by a pacemaker device; and

delivering, by the ICD, a shock therapy in response to determining the absence of ATP pulses.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein:

determining the absence of ATP pulses comprises monitoring for at least one ATP pulse during a shock delay interval; and

delivering the shock therapy comprises delivering the shock therapy after expiration of the shock delay interval in response to determining the absence of ATP pulses during the shock delay interval.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising charging a high voltage capacitor of the ICD during at least a portion of the shock delay interval.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the activity metric comprises determining an activity count from an accelerometer signal.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the activity metric comprises:

determining a plurality of activity metrics at an activity metric sampling interval; and

identifying from the plurality of activity metrics at least one of a most recent activity metric prior to detecting the ventricular tachyarrhythmia by the pacemaker and an earliest occurring activity metric after detecting the ventricular tachyarrhythmia by the pacemaker.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

determining a signal reliability metric from the activity sensor signal;

comparing the signal reliability metric to signal reliability criteria; and

withholding the ATP if the signal reliability metric does not meet the signal reliability criteria.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein:

determining the signal reliability metric comprises determining a plurality of activity metrics from the activity sensor signal during a time interval preceding the ventricular tachyarrhythmia detection by the pacemaker; and

determining whether the signal reliability metric meets the signal reliability criteria comprises comparing a distribution of the plurality of activity metrics to an expected activity metric distribution.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein:

determining the signal reliability metric comprises determining a rate of heart motion signals from the activity sensor signal during a time interval preceding the ventricular tachyarrhythmia detection;

determining a heart rate during the time interval from the first cardiac electrical signal; and

determining if the signal reliability metric meets the signal reliability criteria by comparing the determined rate of heart motion signals to the heart rate.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the activity sensor signal comprises obtaining the activity sensor signal from an intracardiac accelerometer.

16. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing a set of instructions that, when executed by control circuitry of a medical system, cause the system to:

sense a first cardiac electrical signal by an electrical sensing module of a cardiac pacemaker;

detect, by the pacemaker, a ventricular tachyarrhythmia from the first cardiac electrical signal;

obtain, from an activity sensor of the pacemaker, an activity sensor signal, the activity sensor signal correlated to patient activity and comprising heart motion signals;

determine an activity metric from the activity sensor signal;

confirm the detected ventricular tachyarrhythmia as being a hemodynamically unstable rhythm based on the activity metric being less than the unstable rhythm threshold; and

withhold anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP) by the pacemaker in response to confirming the hemodynamically unstable rhythm.

17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, further comprising instructions which cause the system to:

deliver the ATP by the pacemaker in response to not confirming the hemodynamically unstable rhythm based on the activity metric being less than the unstable rhythm threshold;

sense a second cardiac electrical signal by an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD);

detect, by the ICD, the ventricular tachyarrhythmia from the second cardiac electrical signal;

detect from the second cardiac electrical signal, by the ICD, at least one ATP pulse delivered by the pacemaker; and

withhold a shock therapy by the ICD in response to sensing the at least one ATP pulse.