TDLAS architecture for widely spaced wavelengths

• US 10,352,852 B2
• Filed: 11/18/2015
• Issued: 07/16/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 12/23/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Onpoint Technologies, LLC
• Original Assignee: John ZINK Company LLC (KOCH Industries Incorporated)
• Inventors: Sappey, Andrew D., Masterson, Bernard Patrick
• Primary Examiner(s): Smith, Maurice C
• Application Number:
  US15/538,156
• Publication Number:
  US 20180038788A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,336 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/30 Controlling by gas-analysis apparatus regulating non electrical variables in general G05D
• CPC Class Codes: F23N 2225/00 Measuring
• CPC Class Codes: F23N 2900/05001 Measuring CO content in flue gas
• CPC Class Codes: F23N 2900/05002 Measuring CO2 content in flue gas
• CPC Class Codes: F23N 5/00 Systems for controlling combustion regulating fuel supply F23N1/00, regulating air supply or draught F23N3/00
• CPC Class Codes: F23N 5/003 using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties F23N5/02, F23N5/18 - F23N5/26 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/3148 using three or more wavelengths
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/399 Diode laser
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/3151 using two sources of radiation of different wavelengths G01N21/33 - G01N21/39 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/39 using tunable lasers
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/0826 Fibre array at source, distributing
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/0833 Fibre array at detector, resolving
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/04 formed by bundles of fibres G02B6/24 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3598 Switching means directly located between an optoelectronic element and waveguides, including direct displacement of either the element or the waveguide, e.g. optical pulse generation based on changing the optical properties of the medium G02F1/00; optical pulse generation in optical transmitters H04B10/508; optical pulse generation by controlling laser operation H01S3/00
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3624 Fibre head, e.g. fibre probe termination optical details of light guide terminations G02B6/241; reshaping of light guides G02B6/2552; optical details of coupling light into or out of fibre end G02B6/262
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3672 with fibres arranged in a regular matrix array
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/40 having fibre bundle mating means
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/4292 the light guide being disconnectable from the opto-electronic element, e.g. mutually self aligning arrangements

Abstract

A system for widely spaced wavelength tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy includes at least a first and second tunable diode laser generating laser light at a first and second wavelength, wherein laser light of the first and second wavelengths cannot co-propagate efficiently on the same single-mode fiber. A first fiber may be configured to carry light in the first wavelength, and a second fiber configured to carry light in the second wavelength. A fiber bundle may be formed from the distal ends of the first and second fibers stripped of their respective coatings, and arranged with their claddings adjacent to each other. One or more pitch heads are configured to project respective beams of laser light from the fiber bundle through a measurement zone. One or more catch heads located across the measurement zone receive the respective beams and direct the respective beams onto at least one sensor.

Claims

1. A system for widely spaced wavelength tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy comprising:

at least a first and second tunable diode laser, the first tunable diode laser generating laser light at a first wavelength, the second tunable diode laser generating laser light at a second wavelength, wherein laser light of the first and second wavelengths cannot co-propagate in a single transverse mode with simultaneously high efficiency on a single-mode fiber;

a first fiber having a proximal end and a distal end, the first fiber optically coupled to the first tunable diode laser at the proximal end, the first fiber being a single mode optical fiber configured to carry light in the first wavelength;

a second fiber having a proximal end and a distal end, the second fiber optically coupled to the second tunable diode laser at the proximal end, the second fiber being a single mode optical fiber configured to carry light in the second wavelength;

a fiber bundle comprising the distal ends of at least the first and second fibers, wherein the distal ends of the first and second fibers are stripped of their respective coatings, and wherein a first fiber optic core of the first fiber and a second fiber optic core of the second fiber are arranged with their claddings adjacent to each other forming a bundled configuration;

one or more pitch heads comprising a transmitting optic, the transmitting optic optically coupled to the first and second tunable diode lasers via the distal ends of the first and second fibers of the fiber bundle, the pitch head configured to project respective beams of laser light from the first fiber optic core and the second fiber optic core, wherein the pitch head is oriented to project the respective beams from each of the first and second fiber optic cores through a measurement zone;

one or more sensors, each sensor comprising respectively at least one photodetector, each of the at least one photodetector configured to detect an optical power of light in the first and second wavelengths; and

one or more catch heads located across the measurement zone by a select distance from the one or more pitch heads, each of the one or more catch heads in optical communication with a respective pitch head of the one or more pitch head to receive the respective beams of the first and second fiber optic cores and direct the respective beams onto at least one of the one or more sensors.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more catch heads further comprises:

a receiving optic; and

at least one of the one or more sensors, respectively;

wherein at least one of the transmitting optic or the receiving optic is configured to direct the respective beams onto the at least one of the one or more sensors.

3. The system of claim 1 further comprising:

a third tunable diode laser generating laser light at a third wavelength;

a third fiber having a proximal end and a distal end, the third fiber optically coupled to the third tunable diode laser at the proximal end, the third fiber being a single mode optical fiber configured to carry light in the third wavelength;

wherein the fiber bundle further comprises the distal end of the third fiber, wherein the distal end of the third fiber is stripped of its coating, and wherein a third fiber optic core of the third fiber is arranged with its cladding adjacent to at least one of the first or second fiber optic cores forming part of the bundled configuration; and

wherein each of the at least one photodetector is configured to detect an optical power of light in the third wavelength.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the bundled configuration is a triangular configuration of the first, second, and third fiber optic cores.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the outputs of the first and second tunable diode lasers are switched according to a time-division multiplexing scheme, wherein laser light in only one of either the first or second wavelengths is projected by each of the one or more pitch heads at a given time.

6. The system of claim 1 further comprising a first optical switch coupled to the distal end of the first fiber, and a second optical switch coupled to the distal end of the second fiber, wherein the first and second optical switch are configured to switch their outputs serially between each of the one or more pitch heads.

7. The system of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of beam splitters coupled to the respective distal ends of the first and second fibers, wherein the plurality of beam splitters are configured to provide light in parallel to each of the one or more pitch heads.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the first wavelength is about 760 nanometers, and the second wavelength is about 2330 nanometers.

9. The system of claim 1 further comprising:

one or more pitch head platforms, each of the one or more pitch head platforms coupled respectively to each of the one or more pitch heads, wherein the one or more pitch head platforms or each associated transmitting optic or pitch head are adjustable along at least two axes of freedom;

a plurality of control devices coupled respectively to each of the one or more pitch head platforms, or each associated transmitting optic or pitch head, wherein the control devices are operable to actuate each respective pitch head platform, or each associated transmitting optic or pitch head in at least one of the at least two axes of freedom;

an electronic controller in communication with the plurality of control devices and configured to supply control signals to each of the plurality of control devices; and

a control system configured to align a pitch head under alignment, of the one or more pitch heads, with a corresponding catch head of the one or more catch heads, wherein the control system causes an at least one control device of the plurality of control devices coupled to a pitch head platform or each associated transmitting optic or pitch head of the pitch head under alignment to adjust the position of the pitch head based at least in part on measurements received from the photodetector of a corresponding catch head of the pitch head under alignment.

10. The system of claim 9 further comprising:

one or more catch head platforms, each of the one or more catch head platforms having a receiving optic coupled respectively to each of the one or more catch heads, wherein the one or more catch head platforms or each associated receiving optic or catch head are adjustable along at least two axes of freedom;

wherein the plurality of control devices are coupled respectively to each of the one or more catch head platforms, or each associated receiving optic or catch head, wherein the control devices are operable to actuate each respective catch head platform or each associated receiving optic or catch head in at least one of the at least two axes of freedom; and

wherein the control system is configured to align a catch head, of the one or more catch heads, under alignment with a corresponding pitch head of the one or more pitch heads, wherein the control system causes an at least one control device of the plurality of control devices coupled to a catch head platform of the catch head under alignment or each associated receiving optic of the catch head under alignment or the catch head under alignment to adjust the position of the catch head based at least in part on measurements received from a sensor of the one or more sensors of the corresponding catch head under alignment.

11. A pitch head for widely spaced wavelength tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy comprising:

a housing configured to optically couple with a fiber bundle, the fiber bundle comprising distal ends of at least a first and second input fibers, wherein the first input fiber is a single mode fiber that carries laser light at a first wavelength and the second input fiber is a single-mode fiber that carries laser light at a second wavelength, wherein laser light of the first and second wavelengths cannot co-propagate in a single transverse mode with simultaneously high efficiency on a single-mode fiber;

wherein the distal ends of at least the first and second input fibers are stripped of their respective coatings, and wherein a first fiber optic core of the first input fiber, and a second fiber optic core of the second input fiber are arranged with their claddings adjacent to each other forming a bundled configuration; and

a transmitting optic configured to project respective beams of laser light from each of the at least first and second fiber optic cores, through a measurement zone;

wherein the housing is oriented such that the respective beams reach a catch head located across the measurement zone a select distance from the housing.

12. The pitch head of claim 11, wherein the fiber bundle further comprises a distal end of a third input fiber, wherein the third input fiber is a single mode fiber that carries laser light at a third wavelength, wherein the distal end of the third fiber is stripped of its coating, and wherein a third fiber optic core of the third input fiber is arranged with its cladding adjacent to the cladding of at least one of the first or second fiber optic cores forming part of the bundled configuration.

13. The pitch head of claim 12, wherein the bundled configuration is a triangular configuration of the first, second and third fiber optic cores.

14. The pitch head of claim 11, wherein the housing is coupled to a pitch head platform, wherein the pitch head platform is coupled to a pitch head with at least one of the pitch head platform, transmitting optic or pitch head being adjustable along at least two axes of freedom, wherein a control device is coupled to at least one of the pitch head platform, transmitting optic or pitch head, wherein the control device is operable to actuate the at least one of the pitch head platform, transmitting optic or pitch head in at least one of the at least two axes of freedom, and wherein a control system is configured to align the pitch head with a corresponding catch head, wherein the control system causes the control device to adjust the position of the at least one of the pitch head platform, transmitting optic or pitch head at least in part on measurements received from a photodetector of the corresponding catch head.

15. The pitch head of claim 11, wherein laser light from the first and second input fibers are switched according time-division multiplexing scheme, wherein laser light in only one of either the first or second wavelengths is projected at a given time.

16. The pitch head of claim 11, wherein the first wavelength is about 760 nanometers, and the second wavelength is about 2330 nanometers.

17. A method for widely spaced wavelength tunable laser diode laser spectroscopy comprising:

generating a first laser beam of a first wavelength;

generating a second laser beam of a second wavelength;

carrying the first laser beam on a first single-mode optical fiber and the second laser beam on a second single-mode optical fiber, wherein laser light of the first and second wavelengths cannot co-propagate in a single transverse mode with simultaneously high efficiency on a single-mode fiber;

stripping distal ends of the first and second single-mode optical fiber of their respective coatings;

arranging a first fiber optic core of the first single-mode optical fiber with its cladding adjacent to the cladding of a second fiber optic core of the second single-mode optical fiber forming a bundled configuration;

forming a fiber bundle from the bundled configuration of the first and second fiber optic cores;

transmitting, with a pitch head, respective beams of laser light, from each of the first and second fiber optic cores of the fiber bundle, through a measurement zone;

receiving each respective beam at a catch head located across the measurement zone a select distance from the pitch head;

detecting, at the catch head, an optical power of light in each of the first and second wavelengths; and

determining a concentration of targeted species having an absorption line at the first and second wavelengths.

18. The method of claim 17 further comprising:

adjusting one or more combustion parameters based on the relative concentration of the targeted species in the measurement zone.

19. The method of claim 17 further comprising:

adjusting an orientation of the pitch or catch head based at least in part on the detected optical power of laser light.

20. The method of claim 17, further comprising switching the output of the first and second laser beams according to a time-division multiplexing, wherein laser light in only one of either the first or second wavelengths is transmitted at a given time.