Method and system for implementing writable snapshots in a virtualized storage environment

• US 10,359,952 B1
• Filed: 04/13/2015
• Issued: 07/23/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 08/10/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Nutanix Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Nutanix Incorporated
• Inventors: Aron, Mohit, Byrne, Brian
• Primary Examiner(s): Kim, Taelor
• Application Number:
  US14/684,901
• Time in Patent Office: 1,562 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/14 Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in operation G06F11/16 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/12 Replacement control
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/00 Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/128 Details of file system snapshots on the file-level, e.g. snapshot creation, administration, deletion use of snapshots for error detection or correction G06F11/14, G06F11/16
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/182 Distributed file systems
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2201/84 Using snapshots, i.e. a logical point-in-time copy of the data
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0611 in relation to response time
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0619 in relation to data integrity, e.g. data losses, bit errors
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0626 Reducing size or complexity of storage systems
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/065 Replication mechanisms
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/067 Distributed or networked storage systems, e.g. storage area networks [SAN], network attached storage [NAS]
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0683 Plurality of storage devices

Abstract

Disclosed is an improved approach for implementing and maintaining writable snapshots. An efficient approach is provided for implementing snapshots that can be used to immediately create snapshots without incurring any detectable delays in providing access to the new snapshots. Also described are improved metadata structures that can be used to implement and maintain the writable snapshots.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

identifying a parent snapshot of a virtual disk;

creating a read snapshot of the parent snapshot, wherein the read snapshot is accessed in place of the parent snapshot without immediately copying all contents of the parent snapshot to the read snapshot;

designating the read snapshot as a copy of the parent snapshot, wherein future data requests for the parent snapshot are directed to the read snapshot, the contents of the parent snapshot are copied to the read snapshot at a later time after creating the read snapshot;

creating a writable snapshot of the parent snapshot, in which modifications are made to data items of the writable snapshot, wherein the writable snapshot can be accessed without immediately copying all of the contents of the parent snapshot to the writable snapshot, wherein an unchanged data item of the parent snapshot is copied to the writable snapshot at a later time after creating the writable snapshot; and

directing future data write requests for the parent snapshot to the writable snapshot instead of the parent snapshot or the read snapshot, wherein a particular data item that is not in the writable snapshot is copied to the writable snapshot from the parent snapshot upon a request to modify the particular data item.

2. The method of claim 1, in which metadata is used to track referencing between the read snapshot or the writable snapshot and the parent snapshot of the virtual disk.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the metadata comprises a first map corresponding to the virtual disk, a second map corresponding to extent identifiers, and a third map corresponding to groups of extents, and the read snapshot or the writable snapshot corresponds to entries within the metadata, wherein the virtual disk is exposed as a set of addressable storage units corresponding to a plurality of virtual disks structured from a global pool that comprises a local storage device on a first node and local storage device on a second node, the second node being different from the first node.

4. The method of claim 3 in which the writable snapshot corresponds to an extent group, and in which a first entry is made in the first map that corresponds to an identifier for the extent group to a virtual disk name for the writable snapshot, a second entry is made in the second map that corresponds to an extent group identifier for the extent group for the writable snapshot, and a third entry is made in the third map that corresponds to the extent group for the writable snapshot.

5. The method of claim 2, in which the metadata is copied to the writable snapshot from the parent snapshot instead of actual data.

6. The method of claim 1, in which a data item is copied from the parent snapshot to the read snapshot upon a need to access the data item in the read snapshot.

7. The method of claim 1, in which a first portion of the data item exists in the writable snapshot and a second portion of the data item is referenced to the parent snapshot.

8. A system comprising:

a processor to handle computing instructions; and

a computer readable medium comprising executable code that is executable by the processor for identifying a parent snapshot of a virtual disk;

creating a read snapshot of the parent snapshot, wherein the read snapshot is accessed in place of the parent snapshot without immediately copying all contents of the parent snapshot to the read snapshot;

designating the read snapshot as a copy of the parent snapshot, wherein future data requests for the parent snapshot are directed to the read snapshot, the contents of the parent snapshot are copied to the read snapshot at a later time after creating the read snapshot;

creating a writable snapshot of the parent snapshot, in which modifications are made to data items of the writable snapshot, wherein the writable snapshot can be accessed without immediately copying all of the contents of the parent snapshot to the writable snapshot, wherein an unchanged data item of the parent snapshot is copied to the writable snapshot at a later time after creating the writable snapshot and directing future data write requests for the parent snapshot to the writable snapshot instead of the parent snapshot or the read snapshot, wherein a particular data item that is not in the writable snapshot is copied to the writable snapshot from the parent snapshot upon a request to modify the particular data item.

9. The system of claim 8, in which metadata is used to track referencing between the read snapshot or the writable snapshot and the parent snapshot of the virtual disk.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the metadata comprises a first map corresponding to the virtual disk, a second map corresponding to extent identifiers, and a third map corresponding to groups of extents, and the read snapshot or the writable snapshot corresponds to entries within the metadata, wherein the virtual disk is exposed as a set of addressable storage units corresponding to a plurality of virtual disks structured from a global pool that comprises a local storage device on a first node and local storage device on a second node, the second node being different from the first node.

11. The system of claim 10, in which the writable snapshot corresponds to an extent group, and in which a first entry is made in the first map that corresponds to an identifier for the extent group to a virtual disk name for the writable snapshot, a second entry is made in the second map that corresponds to an extent group identifier for the extent group for the writable snapshot, and a third entry is made in the third map that corresponds to the extent group for the writable snapshot.

12. The system of claim 9, in which the metadata is copied to the writable snapshot from the parent snapshot instead of actual data.

13. The system of claim 8, in which a data item is copied from the parent snapshot to the read snapshot upon a need to access the data item in the read snapshot.

14. The system of claim 8, in which a first portion of the data item exists in the writable snapshot and a second portion of the data item is referenced to the parent snapshot.

15. A computer program product embodied on a computer usable medium, the computer usable medium having stored thereon a sequence of instructions which, when executed by a processor causes the processor to execute a method, the method comprising:

identifying a parent snapshot of a virtual disk;

creating a read snapshot of the parent snapshot, wherein the read snapshot is accessed in place of the parent snapshot without immediately copying all contents of the parent snapshot to the read snapshot;

designating the read snapshot as a copy of the parent snapshot, wherein future data requests for the parent snapshot are directed to the read snapshot, the contents of the parent snapshot are copied to the read snapshot at a later time after creating the read snapshot;

creating a writable snapshot of the parent snapshot, in which modifications are made to data items of the writable snapshot, wherein the writable snapshot can be accessed without immediately copying all of the contents of the parent snapshot to the writable snapshot, wherein an unchanged data item of the parent snapshot is copied to the writable snapshot at a later time after creating the writable snapshot; and

directing future data write requests for the parent snapshot to the writable snapshot instead of the parent snapshot or the read snapshot, wherein a particular data item that is not in the writable snapshot is copied to the writable snapshot from the parent snapshot upon a request to modify the particular data item.

16. The computer program product of claim 15, in which metadata is used to track referencing between the read snapshot or the writable snapshot and the parent snapshot of the virtual disk.

17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the metadata comprises a first map corresponding to the virtual disk, a second map corresponding to extent identifiers, and a third map corresponding to groups of extents, and the read snapshot or the writable snapshot corresponds to entries within the metadata, wherein the virtual disk is exposed as a set of addressable storage units corresponding to a plurality of virtual disks structured from a global pool that comprises a local storage device on a first node and local storage device on a second node, the second node being different from the first node.

18. The computer program product of claim 17, in which the writable snapshot corresponds to an extent group, and in which a first entry is made in the first map that corresponds to an identifier for the extent group to a virtual disk name for the writable snapshot, a second entry is made in the second map that corresponds to an extent group identifier for the extent group for the writable snapshot, and a third entry is made in the third map that corresponds to the extent group for the writable snapshot.

19. The computer program product of claim 16, in which the metadata is copied to the writable snapshot from the parent snapshot instead of actual data.

20. The computer program product of claim 15, in which a data item is copied from the parent snapshot to the read snapshot upon a need to access the data item in the read snapshot.

21. The computer program product of claim 15, in which a first portion of the data item exists in the writable snapshot and a second portion of the data item is referenced to the parent snapshot.