Strip-based electrochemical sensors for quantitative analysis of analytes
First Claim
1. An electrochemical sensor, comprising:
- a substrate formed of an insulative material;
an electrode contingent including a first electrode and a second electrode on the substrate, wherein the first electrode includes a coating of carbon nanotubes (CNTs); and
an entrapment layer formed on the first electrode to attach an enzymatic substance capable of causing a redox reaction in the presence of a target analyte of a fluid sample which produces a redox-active product, wherein the entrapment layer is structured to include a conductive polymer film that is reversibly dopable to conduct charge carriers across the entrapment layer and at the first electrode,wherein the conductive polymer film includes poly(thionine).
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Accused Products
Abstract
Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for providing test strip electrochemical sensors for rapid quantitative analysis of analytes in physiological fluids. In one aspect, an electrochemical sensor includes a substrate; an electrode contingent including a first electrode having a coating of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and a second electrode on the substrate; and an entrapment layer formed on the first electrode to attach an enzymatic substance capable of causing a redox reaction in the presence of a target analyte of a fluid sample which produces a redox-active product, in which the entrapment layer is structured to include a conductive polymer film that is reversibly dopable to conduct charge carriers across the entrapment layer and at the first electrode. For example, the electrochemical sensor can be provided on a disposable test strip to quantify L-DOPA levels in whole blood, plasma, or serum samples.
11 Citations
33 Claims
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1. An electrochemical sensor, comprising:
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a substrate formed of an insulative material; an electrode contingent including a first electrode and a second electrode on the substrate, wherein the first electrode includes a coating of carbon nanotubes (CNTs); and an entrapment layer formed on the first electrode to attach an enzymatic substance capable of causing a redox reaction in the presence of a target analyte of a fluid sample which produces a redox-active product, wherein the entrapment layer is structured to include a conductive polymer film that is reversibly dopable to conduct charge carriers across the entrapment layer and at the first electrode, wherein the conductive polymer film includes poly(thionine). - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19)
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20. A method to produce an analyte-selective electrochemical sensor, comprising:
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providing a signal sensitivity-enhanced electrode on a substrate of an electrochemical sensor including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of the electrode; forming an entrapment layer over the signal sensitivity-enhanced electrode by depositing a solution of a polymer material on the surface of the electrode, and applying a fixed potential at the electrode and, subsequently, a continuously-cycled potential with respect to a reference electrode to produce a reversibly dopable conducting polymer film on the electrode; and attaching an enzymatic substance to the entrapment layer by depositing a solution containing the enzymatic substance, an enzyme stabilizing agent, and a cross-linking agent on the conducting polymer film and drying the solution, wherein the polymer material to form the conductive polymer film includes poly(thionine). - View Dependent Claims (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29)
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30. A system to detect an analyte in a physiological sample, comprising:
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a disposable electrochemical test strip sensor structured to include a substrate formed of an insulative material, an electrode contingent including a first electrode having a coating of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and a second electrode on the substrate, an entrapment layer including a conductive polymer film on the first electrode to attach an enzymatic substance capable of catalyzing a target analyte of a physiological fluid sample, and first and second contact pads on the substrate that are respectively electrically coupled to the first and the second electrodes via electrically conductive conduits; and a portable electrochemical analyzer including a housing including an opening to receive the disposable electrochemical test strip sensor, and an electrical circuit including bonding pads disposed in the opening to electrically couple to the electrochemical test strip sensor via first and the second contact pads when the electrochemical test strip sensor is inserted into the opening, wherein the electrical circuit is operable to supply an electrical waveform to the electrochemical test strip sensor to operate an electrochemical analysis technique and to detect electrical signals transduced by the first and second electrodes during the electrochemical analysis technique, wherein the enzymatic substance is provided to cause a redox reaction involving the target analyte when the physiological fluid sample is deposited on the electrodes that produces charge carriers associated with the redox reaction capable of being electrically conducted across the conductive polymer film and detectable at the first electrode by the electrical circuit, wherein the conductive polymer film includes poly(thionine). - View Dependent Claims (31, 32, 33)
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Specification