Diester-based polymer electrolytes for high voltage lithium ion batteries

• US 10,367,228 B2
• Filed: 08/21/2017
• Issued: 07/30/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 04/07/2017
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
• Original Assignee: Seeo, Inc. (Robert Bosch GmbH)
• Inventors: Azagarsamy, Malar, Eitouni, Hany Basam, Sivanandan, Kulandaivelu
• Primary Examiner(s): Fraser, Stewart A
• Application Number:
  US15/681,431
• Publication Number:
  US 20180294521A1
• Time in Patent Office: 708 Days
• CPC Class Codes: C08G 63/00 Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule polyester-amides C08G69/44; polyester-imides C08G73/16
• CPC Class Codes: C08G 63/02 Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C08G 63/16 Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C08G 63/6856 Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C08G 64/02 Aliphatic polycarbonates
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/056 characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0565 Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0068 inorganic
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0082 Organic polymers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0091 in the form of mixtures
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/13 Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

New homopolymers and copolymers of diester-based polymers have been synthesized. When these polymers are combined with electrolyte salts, such polymer electrolytes have shown excellent electrochemical oxidation stability in lithium battery cells. Their stability along with their excellent ionic conductivities make them especially suitable as electrolytes in high energy density lithium battery cells.

Claims

1. A polymer, comprising:

a diester-based polymer structure;

2. The polymer of claim 1 further comprising an electrolyte salt, wherein the polymer is an electrolyte.

3. The polymer of claim 2 further comprising ceramic electrolyte particles.

4. A positive electrode comprising:

a positive electrode active material; and

a catholyte comprising the electrolyte according to claim 2;

wherein the positive electrode active material particles and the catholyte are mixed together.

5. The positive electrode of claim 4 wherein the catholyte further comprises a solid polymer electrolyte.

6. The positive electrode of claim 4 wherein the catholyte further comprises ceramic electrolyte particles.

7. The positive electrode of claim 4 wherein the catholyte is crosslinked.

8. The positive electrode of claim 4 wherein the positive electrode active material is selected from the group consisting of lithium iron phosphate, lithium metal phosphate, divanadium pentoxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, magnesium-rich lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium manganese spinel, lithium nickel manganese spinel, and combinations thereof.

9. The positive electrode of claim 4 wherein the electrolyte salt is a lithium salt.

10. An electrochemical cell, comprising:

an anode configured to absorb and release lithium ions;

a cathode comprising cathode active material particles, an electronically-conductive additive, and a first catholyte;

a current collector adjacent to an outside surface of the cathode; and

a separator region between the anode and the cathode, the separator region comprising a separator electrolyte configured to facilitate movement of lithium ions back and forth between the anode and the cathode;

wherein the first catholyte comprises the electrolyte according to claim 2, and the electrolyte salt is a lithium salt.

11. The electrochemical cell of claim 10 wherein the first catholyte further comprises a solid polymer electrolyte.

12. The electrochemical cell of claim 10 wherein the first catholyte and the separator electrolyte are the same.

13. The electrochemical cell of claim 10 wherein the separator electrolyte comprises a solid polymer electrolyte.

14. The electrochemical cell of claim 10 further comprising an overlayer between the cathode and the separator region, the overlayer comprising a second catholyte, the second catholyte comprising the electrolyte according to claim 2.

15. The electrochemical cell of claim 14 wherein the first catholyte and the second catholyte are the same.

16. The electrochemical cell of claim 10 wherein the anode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of lithium metal, lithium alloy, lithium titanate, graphite and silicon.

17. The electrochemical cell of claim 10 wherein the first catholyte further comprises ceramic electrolyte particles.

18. The electrochemical cell of claim 10 wherein the first catholyte is crosslinked.

19. The polymer of claim 1 further comprising carbonate wherein the diester-based polymer and the carbonate form a random copolymer.

20. The polymer of claim 19 further comprising an electrolyte salt, wherein the polymer is an electrolyte.

21. The polymer of claim 1 wherein the polymer is crosslinked.

22. The polymer of claim 21 further comprising an electrolyte salt, wherein the polymer is an electrolyte.