Analyte sensors having a signal-to-noise ratio substantially unaffected by non-constant noise

• US 10,376,143 B2
• Filed: 12/31/2013
• Issued: 08/13/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 07/25/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: DexCom Incorporated
• Original Assignee: DexCom Incorporated
• Inventors: Simpson, Peter C., Boock, Robert J., Brister, Mark C., Rixman, Monica A., Woo, Kum Ming, Nguyen, Lisa, Brunner, Seth R., Chee, Arthur, Nicholas, Melissa A., Wightlin, Matthew D., Pryor, Jack, Markovic, Dubravka
• Primary Examiner(s): Messersmith, Eric J
• Application Number:
  US14/145,404
• Publication Number:
  US 20140128703A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,051 Days
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/00 Measuring for diagnostic purposes radiation diagnosis A61B6/00; diagnosis by ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves A61B8/00; Identification of persons
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14532 for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14546 for measuring analytes not otherwise provided for, e.g. ions, cytochromes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1473 invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter A61B5/1482 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14735 comprising an immobilised reagent
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1486 using enzyme electrodes, e.g. with immobilised oxidase
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14865 invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter or needle or using implanted sensors
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6848 Needles
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7203 for noise prevention, reduction or removal

Abstract

Systems and methods of use involving sensors having a signal-to-noise ratio that is substantially unaffected by non-constant noise are provided for continuous analyte measurement in a host. In some embodiments, a continuous analyte measurement system is configured to be wholly, transcutaneously, intravascularly or extracorporeally implanted.

Claims

1. An electrochemical continuous glucose sensor configured for implantation in a host, the glucose sensor comprising:

an ex vivo portion and an in vivo portion, wherein the in vivo portion comprises;

a working electrode comprising a plurality of electroactive surfaces each configured to measure a signal indicative of a glucose concentration of a host, wherein the plurality of electroactive surfaces comprise a first electroactive surface, a second electroactive surface, and a third electroactive surface, wherein the plurality of electroactive surfaces are spaced along a substantial length of an in vivo portion of the glucose sensor, wherein the in vivo portion of the glucose sensor comprises a distal end;

a membrane covering at least a portion of the working electrode, wherein the membrane comprises an enzyme configured to react with glucose; and

a reference electrode comprising an electroactive surface, wherein the reference electrode electroactive surface comprises a fourth electroactive surface;

wherein the first electroactive surface, the second electroactive surface, the third electroactive surface, and the fourth electroactive surface share a central axis, wherein the central axis is an axis of sensor insertion, wherein first electroactive surface, the second electroactive surface, and the third electroactive surface are closer to the distal end of the in vivo portion of the sensor than the fourth electroactive surface.

2. The glucose sensor of claim 1, wherein each of the electroactive surfaces is shaped like a circle.

3. The glucose sensor of claim 1, wherein each of the electroactive surfaces is shaped like a dot.

4. The glucose sensor of claim 1, wherein the plurality of electroactive surfaces all have a substantially equal area.

5. The glucose sensor of claim 1, wherein the plurality of electroactive surfaces are each spaced apart from at least one adjacent electroactive surface by a substantially equal distance.

6. The glucose sensor of claim 1, wherein the membrane comprises a layer configured to control a diffusion of glucose therethrough, wherein the layer comprises polyurethane.

7. The glucose sensor of claim 1, wherein the glucose sensor has a planar shape.

8. The glucose sensor of claim 1, wherein the plurality of electroactive surfaces comprise more than three electroactive surfaces.