Anode for high-energy batteries

• US 10,381,642 B2
• Filed: 06/20/2014
• Issued: 08/13/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 06/21/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Hydro-Quebec (Province of Québec)
• Original Assignee: Hydro-Quebec (Province of Québec)
• Inventors: Zaghib, Karim, Leblanc, Dominic, Guerfi, Abdelbast, Trottier, Julie, Charest, Patrick
• Primary Examiner(s): Weiner, Laura
• Application Number:
  US14/900,419
• Publication Number:
  US 20160149212A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,880 Days
• CPC Class Codes: C08B 15/005 Crosslinking of cellulose derivatives
• CPC Class Codes: C08B 31/003 Crosslinking of starch
• CPC Class Codes: C08B 37/0045 alpha-D-Galacturonans, e.g. methyl ester of (alpha-1,4)-linked D-galacturonic acid units, i.e. pectin, or hydrolysis product of methyl ester of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid units, i.e. pectinic acid; Derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C09K 21/00 Fireproofing materials for use in a particular application, see the relevant places, e.g. fireproofing of wood B27K, of polymers C08, of textiles D06M, of paper D21H; fireproof paints C09D5/18
• CPC Class Codes: C09K 21/14 Macromolecular materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/027 Negative electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/0404 by coating on electrode collectors
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/13 Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/133 Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/134 Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/139 Processes of manufacture
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/1395 of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/364 as mixtures
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/386 Silicon or alloys based on silicon
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/405 Alloys based on lithium
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/485 of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy H01M4/505, H01M4/525 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/587 for inserting or intercalating light metals
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/622 being polymers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/623 fluorinated polymers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/625 : Carbon or graphite
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/661 : Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings H01M4/669 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/663 : containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/666 : in the form of mixed materials H01M4/668 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 1/0201 : Thermal arrangements, e.g. for cooling, heating or preventing overheating
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 1/0313 : Organic insulating material
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 1/0326 : containing O
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 1/0353 : consisting of two or more materials, e.g. two or more polymers, polymer + filler, + reinforcement
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 2201/012 : Flame-retardant; Preventing of inflammation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 : Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

Anode comprising an anode material, a protective material and a current collector is provided. The anode material is a mixture comprising an active material, at least one electronically conductive agent and at least one binder. The active material may be an alloy of silicon and lithium or an alloy of silicon oxide and lithium. There is provided a process for the preparation of the anode. Also, there is provided use of the anode in the fabrication of a battery.

Claims

1. An anode comprising:

a layer of an anode material,

a layer of a protective material, and

a current collector,

wherein the anode material is a mixture comprising;

an active material,

at least one electronically conductive agent, and

a binder, and

wherein the active material is an alloy of silicon and lithium or the active material comprises silicon oxide and lithium,

wherein the binder in the anode material is a polymer,

wherein, in the anode material, the active material and the at least one electronically conductive agent are in the form of particles in the binder,

wherein the anode material comprises, in mass;

80-95% of the active material, 1-10% of the electronically active conductive agent, and 2-20% of the binder,

wherein the protective material comprises;

at least one electronically conductive agent, and

a binder.

2. The anode according to claim 1, wherein the electronically conductive agent in the anode material comprises natural or synthetic graphite.

3. The anode according to claim 1, wherein the electronically conductive agent in the anode material comprises at least one electronically conductive carbon, wherein the electronically conductive carbon is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, acetylene black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes and graphene.

4. The anode according to claim 1, wherein the binder in the anode material is selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropene (PVDV-HFP), a polyimide, natural or synthetic rubber, a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), an alginate in acid form or salt form, and a mixture thereof.

5. The anode according to claim 1, wherein the current collector is a foil comprising a metal which is aluminum or copper.

6. The anode according to claim 1, wherein the current collector is a foil comprising aluminum and carbon.

7. The anode according to claim 1, wherein the current collector comprises a metal foil.

8. The anode according to claim 7, wherein the layer of anode material is deposited on the metal foil current collector and the layer of protective material is deposited on the layer of anode material;

and wherein the metal foil is an aluminum foil.

9. The anode according to claim 7, wherein the metal foil current collector has a thickness of about 5 to 25 μ

m, and/or the layer of anode material has a thickness of about 5 to 150 μ

m, and/or the layer of protective material has a thickness of about 1 to 5 μ

m.

10. A battery comprising the anode according to claim 1.

11. An anode comprising:

a layer of an anode material,

a layer of a protective material, and

a current collector,

wherein the anode material is a mixture comprising;

an active material,

at least one electronically conductive agent, and

a binder, and

wherein the protective material comprises;

at least one electronically conductive agent, and

a binder, and

wherein, in the protective material, the at least one electronically conductive agent is in the form of particles in the binder,

wherein the protective material comprises, in mass;

1-20% of the electronically conductive agent and 80-99% of the binder.

12. The anode according to claim 11, wherein the electronically conductive agent in the protective material comprises at least one electronically conductive carbon, wherein the electronically conductive carbon is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, acetylene black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes and graphene.

13. The anode according to claim 11, wherein the binder in the protective material is a polymer, wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropene (PVDV-HFP), a polyimide, natural or synthetic rubber, a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), an alginate in acid form or salt form, and a mixture thereof.

14. The anode according to claim 11, wherein the active material in the protective material is an alloy of silicon and lithium or the active material comprises silicon oxide and lithium.