Metal plating-based electrical energy storage cell

• US 10,381,683 B2
• Filed: 07/10/2017
• Issued: 08/13/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 07/11/2016
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Hydro-Quebec (Province of Québec)
• Original Assignee: Board of Regents of the University of Texas System (University of Texas System)
• Inventors: Goodenough, John B., Murchison, Andrew, Sousa Soares De Oliveira Braga, Maria Helena
• Primary Examiner(s): Ridley, Basia A
• Assistant Examiner(s): Chan, Heng M.
• Application Number:
  US15/645,643
• Publication Number:
  US 20180013170A1
• Time in Patent Office: 764 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/06 with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/56 Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/68 characterised by their material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/056 characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0562 Solid materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/028 Positive electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0068 inorganic
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/661 Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings H01M4/669 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/182 with halogenide as solid electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/185 with oxides, hydroxides or oxysalts as solid electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an electrochemical storage cell including a battery. The battery includes an alkali metal anode having an anode Fermi energy, an electronically insulating, amorphous, dried solid electrolyte able to conduct alkali metal, having the general formula A_3-xH_xOX, in which 0≤x≤1, A is the alkali metal, and X is at least one halide, and a cathode including a cathode current collector having a cathode Fermi energy lower than the anode Fermi energy. During operation of the electrochemical storage cell, the alkali metal plates dendrite-free from the solid electrolyte onto the alkali metal anode. Also during operation of the electrochemical storage cell, the alkali metal further plates on the cathode current collector.

Claims

1. An electrochemical storage cell comprising a battery comprising:

an alkali metal anode having an anode Fermi energy;

an electronically insulating solid electrolyte able to conduct alkali metal, having an amorphous, dried material with the general formula A_3-xH_xOX, wherein 0≤

x≤

1, A is the alkali metal, and X is at least one halide; and

a cathode comprising;

a cathode current collector having a cathode Fermi energy lower than the anode Fermi energy;

a catalytic redox-center-relay material comprising elemental sulfur (S); and

one of carbon (C), which aids alkali metal plating on the cathode current collector, a gold (Au) film on a cathode current collector surface adjacent the solid electrolyte, and an oxide film on the cathode current collector surface adjacent the solid electrolyte.

2. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 1, wherein the alkali metal is lithium (Li).

3. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 1, wherein the alkali metal is sodium (Na).

4. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 1, wherein the solid electrolyte further comprises a glass-forming additive comprising at least one of an oxide, a hydroxide, and a sulfide.

5. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 1, wherein the solid electrolyte further comprises a glass-forming additive comprising at least one of Ba(OH)₂, Sr(OH)₂, Ca(OH)₂, Mg(OH)₂, Al(OH)₃, BaO, SrO, CaO, MgO, Al, B₂O₃, Al₂O₃, SiO₂, S, and Li₂S.

6. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 1, wherein the solid electrolyte further comprises less than 2 mole percent of a glass-forming additive.

7. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 1, wherein the cathode comprises the gold film on the cathode current collector surface adjacent the solid electrolyte.

8. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 7, wherein the cathode current collector, outside of the context of the battery, is normally not wet by the alkali metal.

9. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 7, wherein the cathode current collector comprises a copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), or gold (Au) metal, or an alloy thereof.

10. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 1, wherein the cathode comprises the oxide film on the cathode current collector surface adjacent the solid electrolyte.

11. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 10, wherein the cathode current collector, outside of the context of the battery, is normally not wet by the alkali metal.

12. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 10, wherein the cathode current collector comprises a copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), or gold (Au) metal, or an alloy thereof.

13. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 1, wherein the cathode comprises carbon, which aids alkali metal plating on the cathode current collector.

14. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 13, wherein the cathode current collector, outside of the context of the battery, is normally not wet by the alkali metal.

15. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 13, wherein the cathode current collector comprises a copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), or gold (Au) metal, or an alloy thereof.

16. An electrochemical storage cell comprising a battery comprising:

an alkali metal anode having an anode Fermi energy;

an electronically insulating solid electrolyte able to conduct alkali metal, having an amorphous, dried material with the general formula A_3-xH_xOX, wherein 0≤

x≤

1, A is the alkali metal, and X is at least one halide; and

a cathode comprising;

a cathode current collector having a cathode Fermi energy lower than the anode Fermi energy;

a catalytic redox-center-relay material comprising elemental silicon (Si); and

one of carbon (C), which aids alkali metal plating on the cathode current collector, a gold (Au) film on a cathode current collector surface adjacent the solid electrolyte, and an oxide film on the cathode current collector surface adjacent the solid electrolyte.

17. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 16, wherein the alkali metal is lithium (Li).

18. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 16, wherein the alkali metal is sodium (Na).

19. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 16, wherein the solid electrolyte further comprises a glass-forming additive comprising at least one of an oxide, a hydroxide, and a sulfide.

20. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 16, wherein the solid electrolyte further comprises a glass-forming additive comprising at least one of Ba(OH)₂, Sr(OH)₂, Ca(OH)₂, Mg(OH)₂, Al(OH)₃, BaO, SrO, CaO, MgO, Al, B₂O₃, Al₂O₃, SiO₂, S, and Li₂S.

21. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 16, wherein the solid electrolyte further comprises less than 2 mole percent of a glass-forming additive.

22. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 16, wherein the cathode comprises carbon, which aids alkali metal plating on the cathode current collector.

23. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 22, wherein the cathode current collector, outside of the context of the battery, is normally not wet by the alkali metal.

24. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 22, wherein the cathode current collector comprises a copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), or gold (Au) metal, or an alloy thereof.

25. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 16, wherein the cathode comprises the gold film on the cathode current collector surface adjacent the solid electrolyte.

26. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 25, wherein the cathode current collector, outside of the context of the battery, is normally not wet by the alkali metal.

27. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 25, wherein the cathode current collector comprises a copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), or gold (Au) metal, or an alloy thereof.

28. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 16, wherein the cathode comprises the oxide film on the cathode current collector surface adjacent the solid electrolyte.

29. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 28, wherein the cathode current collector, outside of the context of the battery, is normally not wet by the alkali metal.

30. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 28, wherein the cathode current collector comprises a copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), or gold (Au) metal, or an alloy thereof.