Techniques for detecting magnetic resonance imaging field

• US 10,391,320 B2
• Filed: 03/11/2011
• Issued: 08/27/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 01/28/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Jenison, Troy A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Carey, Michael J
• Assistant Examiner(s): Mohammed, Shahdeep
• Application Number:
  US13/046,158
• Publication Number:
  US 20120194191A1
• Time in Patent Office: 3,091 Days
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3718 Monitoring of or protection against external electromagnetic fields or currents
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/285 Invasive instruments, e.g. catheters or biopsy needles, specially adapted for tracking, guiding or visualization by NMR
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/288 Provisions within MR facilities for enhancing safety during MR, e.g. reduction of the specific absorption rate [SAR], detection of ferromagnetic objects in the scanner room

Abstract

A device includes a housing, a first magnetic field sensor, a second magnetic field sensor, and a control module. The housing is configured to be implanted in a patient. The first magnetic field sensor is located at a first location within the housing and is configured to measure a first strength of a magnetic field at the first location. The second magnetic field sensor is located at a second location within the housing and is configured to measure a second strength of the magnetic field at the second location. The control module is configured to identify a source of the magnetic field based on the first and second strengths.

Claims

1. A device comprising:

a housing configured to be implanted in a patient;

a first magnetic field sensor located at a first location within the housing and configured to measure a first strength of a static magnetic field at the first location;

a second magnetic field sensor located at a second location within the housing and configured to measure a second strength of the static magnetic field at the second location; and

a processor configured to determine that at least one of the first and second strengths is greater than a lower threshold value and, in response to determining that at least one of the first and second strengths is greater than the lower threshold value, determine a difference between the first strength and the second strength and to identify a source of the static magnetic field based on the difference between the first and second strengths.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:

compare the difference to a spatial gradient threshold;

identify the source of the static magnetic field as a primary magnet of a magnetic resonance imaging device when the difference is less than the spatial gradient threshold; and

identify the source of the static magnetic field as a handheld magnetic device when the difference is greater than the spatial gradient threshold.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:

provide power to the first magnetic field sensor and inhibit power delivery to the second magnetic field sensor when the first strength is less than the lower threshold value; and

provide power to the second magnetic field sensor when the first strength is greater than the lower threshold value.

4. The device of claim 1, further comprising a third magnetic field sensor located at a third location within the housing and configured to measure a third strength of the static magnetic field at the third location, wherein the processor is configured to identify the source of the static magnetic field based on the first, second, and third strengths.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine that neither of the first and second strengths is greater than an upper threshold value and, in response to determining that that at least one of the first and second strengths is greater than the lower threshold value and neither of the first and second strengths is greater than the upper threshold value, determine the difference between the first and second strengths.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to identify the source of the static magnetic field as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device when the difference is less than the spatial gradient threshold.

7. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to determine that neither of the first and second strengths isgreater than an upper threshold value, wherein the processor determining the difference between the first and second strengths comprises the processor determining the difference between the first and second strengths in response to determining that at least one of the first and second strengths is greater than the lower threshold value and neither of the first and second strengths is greater than the upper threshold value, and wherein the processor identifying the source of the static magnetic field based on the difference between the first and second strengths comp rises the processor identifying the source of the static magnetic field as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device when the difference is less than a spatial gradient threshold.

8. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to identify the source of the static magnetic field as one of a primary magnet of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device and a handheld magnetic device based on the first and second strengths.

9. The device of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to operate in an MRI mode during an MRI scan in response to identifying the source of the static magnetic field as the primary magnet of the MRI device.

10. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:

compare at least one of the first and second strengths to an upper threshold value; and

identify the source of the static magnetic field as a primary magnet of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device when at least one of the first and second strengths is greater than the upper threshold value.

11. The device of claim 10, wherein the upper threshold value is greater than 100 mT.

12. The device of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to:

determine the difference between the first and second strengths when neither of the first and second strengths is greater than the upper threshold value;

compare the difference to a spatial gradient threshold;

identify the source of the static magnetic field as the primary magnet of the MRI device when the difference is less than the spatial gradient threshold; and

identify the source of the static magnetic field as a handheld magnetic device when the difference is greater than the spatial gradient threshold.

13. A method comprising:

measuring by a first magnetic field strength sensor a first strength of a static magnetic field at a first location within a housing of an implantable device;

measuring by a second magnetic field strength sensor a second strength of the static magnetic field at a second location within the housing of the implantable device;

determining that at least one of the first and second strengths is greater than a lower strength threshold value; and

in response to determining that at least one of the first and second strengths is greater than the lower threshold value, determining a difference between the first strength and the second strength and identifying a source of the static magnetic field based on the difference between the first and second strengths.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

comparing the difference to a spatial gradient threshold;

identifying the source of the static magnetic field as a primary magnet of a magnetic resonance imaging device when the difference is less than the spatial gradient threshold; and

identifying the source of the static magnetic field as a handheld magnetic device when the difference is greater than the spatial gradient threshold.

15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

providing power to a first magnetic field sensor while inhibiting power delivery to a second magnetic field sensor when the first strength is less than the lower threshold value; and

providing power to the second magnetic field sensor when the first strength is greater than the lower threshold value.

16. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

determining that neither of the first and second strengths is greater than an upper threshold value,

wherein determining the difference between the first and second strengths comprises determining the difference between the first and second strengths in response to determining that at least one of the first and second strengths is greater than the lower threshold value and neither of the first and second strengths is greater than the upper threshold value, and

wherein identifying the source of the static magnetic field based on the difference between the first and second strengths comprises identifying the source of the static magnetic field as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device when the difference is less than a spatial gradient threshold.

17. The method of claim 13, further comprising identifying the source of the static magnetic field as one of a primary magnet of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device and a handheld magnetic device based on the first and second strengths.

18. The method of claim 17, further comprising configuring the implantable device to operate in an MRI operating mode during an MRI scan in response to identifying the source of the static magnetic field as the primary magnet of the MRI device.

19. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

comparing at least one of the first and second strengths to an upper threshold value; and

identifying the source of the static magnetic field as a primary magnet of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device when at least one of the first and second strengths is greater than the upper threshold value.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:

determining the difference between the first and second strengths when neither of the first and second strengths is greater than the upper threshold value;

comparing the difference to a spatial gradient threshold;

identifying the source of the static magnetic field as the primary magnet of the MRI device when the difference is less than the spatial gradient threshold; and

identifying the source of the static magnetic field as a handheld magnetic device when the difference is greater than the spatial gradient threshold.

21. A system comprising:

an implantable medical device (IMD);

a first magnetic field sensor connected to the IMD and configured to measure a first strength of a static magnetic field at a first location;

a second magnetic field sensor connected to the IMD and configured to measure a second strength of the static magnetic field at a second location; and

a processor configured to determine that at least one of the first and second strengths is greater than a lower threshold value and, in response to determining that at least one of the first and second strengths is greater than the lower threshold value determine a difference between the first strength and the second strength and to identify a source of the static magnetic field based on the difference between the first and second strengths.

22. The system of claim 21, wherein the processor controls a mode of operation of the IMD based on the identified source of the static magnetic field, wherein the mode of operation includes one of a telemetry head mode and magnetic resonance imaging mode.

23. The system of claim 21, wherein the IMD includes a housing, wherein the processor is included in the housing, and wherein at least one of the first and second magnetic field sensors is located within the housing.

24. The system of claim 21, wherein the IMD includes a housing, wherein the processor is included in the housing, and wherein at least one of the first and second magnetic field sensors is located outside of the housing.

25. The system of claim 21, wherein the IMD includes a lead, and wherein at least one of the first and second magnetic field sensors is connected to the lead.

26. The system of claim 21, further comprising an external computing device, wherein the processor is further configured to wirelessly communicate with the external computing device, and wherein the processor is further configured to indicate the source of the static magnetic field to the external computing device.

27. The system of claim 21, wherein the processor is further configured to determine that neither of the first and second strengths is greater than an upper threshold value, wherein the processor determining the difference between the first and second strengths comprises the processor determining the difference between the first and second strengths in response to determining that at least one of the first and second strengths is greater than the lower threshold value and neither of the first and second strengths is greater than the upper threshold value, and

wherein the processor identifying the source of the static magnetic field based on the difference between the first and second strengths comprisesthe processor identifying the source of the static magnetic field as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device when the difference is less than a spatial gradient threshold.

30. The computer readable medium of claim 24, wherein the instructions further include determining that neither of the first and second strengths is greater than an upper threshold value, wherein determining the difference between the first and second strengths comprises determining the difference between the first and second strengths in response to determining that at least one of the first and second strengths is greater than the lower threshold value and neither of the first and second strengths is greater than the upper threshold value, and wherein identifying the source of the static magnetic field based on the difference between the first and second strengths comprises identifying the source of the static magnetic field as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device when the difference is less than a spatial gradient threshold.

28. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that cause a programmable processor to:

measure by a first magnetic field strength sensor a first strength of a static magnetic field at a first location within a housing of an implantable device;

measure by a second magnetic field strength sensor a second strength of the static magnetic field at a second location within the housing of the implantable device; and

determine that at least one of the first and second strengths is greater than a lower threshold value and, in response to determining that at least one of the first and second strengths is greater than the lower threshold value, determine a difference between the first strength and the second strength and identify a source of the static magnetic field based on the difference between the first and second strengths.

29. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 28, further comprising instructions that cause the programmable processor to:

compare the difference to a spatial gradient threshold;

identify the source of the static magnetic field as a primary magnet of a magnetic resonance imaging device when the difference is less than the spatial gradient threshold; and

identify the source of the static magnetic field as a handheld magnetic device when the difference is greater than the spatial gradient threshold.

31. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 28, further comprising instructions that cause the programmable processor to identify the source of the static magnetic field as one of a primary magnet of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device and a handheld magnetic device based on the first and second strengths.

32. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 31, further comprising instructions that cause the programmable processor to operate in an MRI operating mode during an MRI scan in response to identifying the source of the static magnetic field as the primary magnet of the MRI device.