System to balance high voltage battery for vehicle

• US 10,391,864 B2
• Filed: 02/08/2017
• Issued: 08/27/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 02/08/2017
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America Incorporated (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America Incorporated (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Patel, Tapan V., Chow, Justin J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Rossoshek, Helen
• Application Number:
  US15/427,913
• Publication Number:
  US 20180222345A1
• Time in Patent Office: 930 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/547 Voltage
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0046 relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/10 for monitoring or controlling batteries
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/20 having different nominal voltages
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/22 Balancing the charge of battery modules
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

A system includes a battery pack designed to store electrical energy at a rated voltage and having a first and second battery module, each having a plurality of battery cells, and at least one switch selectively coupled to the battery modules. The system further includes an on-board charger that receives electrical power. The system further includes an ECU that determines a current voltage of the battery modules. The ECU also controls the at least one switch to transfer the electrical power to a combination of the battery modules until the current voltage of the first battery module or the second battery module reaches the rated voltage. The ECU also controls the at least one switch to transfer the electrical power to the first battery module when the current voltage of the first battery module is less than the current voltage of the second battery module.

Claims

1. A vehicle charging system comprising:

a battery pack including a first battery module and a second battery module each having a plurality of battery cells, the battery pack configured to store electrical energy at a rated voltage;

a module switch configured to be selectively coupled to the first battery module and the second battery module;

a battery management system (BMS) coupled to the battery pack and configured to determine a first current voltage of the first battery module and a second current voltage of the second battery module;

an on-board charger configured to receive electrical power from an electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE);

a pack switch coupled to the on-board charger and the battery pack and configured to selectively transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the module switch and to a combination of the first battery module and the second battery module; and

an electronic control unit (ECU) coupled to the module switch, the BMS, and the pack switch and configured to;

control the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the combination of the first battery module and the second battery module when the first current voltage of the first battery module and the second current voltage of the second battery module are both less than the rated voltage,

control the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the module switch and control the module switch to transfer the electrical power to the first battery module when the first current voltage of the first battery module is less than the second current voltage of the second battery module,

control the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the module switch and control the module switch to transfer the electrical power to the second battery module when the first current voltage of the first battery module is greater than the second current voltage of the second battery module,

determine that the electrical power is leaking from the first battery module by monitoring the first current voltage of the first battery module and the second current voltage of the second battery module, and

control the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the module switch and control the module switch to transfer the electrical power to the second battery module before the first battery module regardless of the first current voltage of the first battery module and the second current voltage of the second battery module when the electrical power is leaking from the first battery module and when the second current voltage of the second battery module is less than the rated voltage.

2. The vehicle charging system of claim 1 wherein the battery pack further includes a third battery module and the ECU is further configured to:

control the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the module switch and control the module switch to transfer the electrical power to the first battery module when the first current voltage of the first battery module is less than the second current voltage of the second battery module and a third current voltage of the third battery module; and

control the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the module switch and control the module switch to transfer the electrical power to the first battery module and the second battery module when the first current voltage of the first battery module and the second current voltage of the second battery module are both less than the third current voltage of the third battery module.

3. The vehicle charging system of claim 1 wherein the battery pack further includes a third battery module and the ECU is further configured to control the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the module switch and control the module switch to transfer the electrical power to only the first battery module when the first current voltage of the first battery module is less than the second current voltage of the second battery module and the second current voltage of the second battery module is less than a third current voltage of the third battery module.

4. The vehicle charging system of claim 1 wherein the ECU is further configured to:

determine that the first battery module has a fault when at least one of the electrical power is leaking from the first battery module at a rate that is greater than a predetermined leakage rate or the first battery module can only be charged to a level that is below a predetermined charge level; and

control the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the module switch and control the module switch to prevent the electrical power from flowing to the first battery module in response to determining that the first battery module has the fault.

5. The vehicle charging system of claim 1 wherein the ECU is further configured to:

control the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the module switch and control the module switch to transfer the electrical power to the first battery module when the first current voltage of the first battery module is less than the second current voltage of the second battery module by a predetermined voltage level; and

prevent at least one of the pack switch or the module switch from transferring the electrical power from the on-board charger to the first battery module when a difference between the first current voltage of the first battery module and the second current voltage of the second battery module is less than the predetermined voltage level.

6. The vehicle charging system of claim 1 wherein the battery pack further includes a battery pack case and the module switch and the ECU are positioned within the battery pack case.

7. The vehicle charging system of claim 1 wherein the ECU is further configured to control the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the combination of the first battery module and the second battery module until at least one of the first current voltage of the first battery module or the second current voltage of the second battery module reaches the rated voltage.

8. The vehicle charging system of claim 1 wherein the ECU is further configured to control the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the combination of the first battery module and the second battery module until at least one of the first current voltage of the first battery module or the second current voltage of the second battery module reaches the rated voltage.

9. A method for charging a battery pack for use in a vehicle comprising:

determining, by a battery management system (BMS), a first current voltage of a first battery module and a second current voltage of a second battery module of the battery pack;

receiving, by an on-board charger, electrical power from an electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE);

controlling, by an electronic control unit (ECU), a pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to a combination of the first battery module and the second battery module when the first current voltage of the first battery module and the second current voltage of the second battery module are both less than a rated voltage;

controlling, by the ECU, the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to a module switch and controlling, by the ECU, the module switch to transfer the electrical power to the first battery module when the first current voltage of the first battery module is less than the second current voltage of the second battery module;

controlling, by the ECU, the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the module switch and controlling, by the ECU, the module switch to transfer the electrical power to the second battery module when the first current voltage of the first battery module is greater than the second current voltage of the second battery module;

determining, by the ECU, that the electrical power is leaking from the first battery module by monitoring the first current voltage of the first battery module and the second current voltage of the second battery module; and

controlling, by the ECU, the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the module switch and controlling, by the ECU, the module switch to transfer the electrical power to the second battery module before the first battery module regardless of the first current voltage of the first battery module and the second current voltage of the second battery module when the electrical power is leaking from the first battery module and when the second current voltage of the second battery module is less than the rated voltage.

10. The method of claim 9 further comprising:

controlling, by the ECU, the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the module switch and controlling, by the ECU, the module switch to transfer the electrical power to the first battery module when the first current voltage of the first battery module is less than the second current voltage of the second battery module and a third current voltage of a third battery module; and

controlling, by the ECU, the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the module switch and controlling, by the ECU, the module switch to transfer the electrical power to the first battery module and the second battery module when the first current voltage of the first battery module and the second current voltage of the second battery module are both less than the third current voltage of the third battery module.

11. The method of claim 9 further comprising controlling, by the ECU, the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the module switch and controlling, by the ECU, the module switch to transfer the electrical power to only the first battery module when the first current voltage of the first battery module is less than the second current voltage of the second battery module and the second current voltage of the second battery module is less than a third current voltage of a third battery module.

12. The method of claim 9 further comprising:

determining, by the ECU, that the first battery module has a fault when at least one of the electrical power is leaking from the first battery module at a rate that is greater than a predetermined leakage rate or the first battery module can only be charged to a level that is below a predetermined charge level; and

controlling, by the ECU, the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the module switch and controlling, by the ECU, the module switch to prevent the electrical power from flowing to the first battery module in response to determining that the first battery module has the fault.

13. The method of claim 9 further comprising:

controlling, by the ECU, the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the module switch and controlling, by the ECU, the module switch to transfer the electrical power to the first battery module when the first current voltage of the first battery module is less than the second current voltage of the second battery module by a predetermined voltage level; and

preventing, by the ECU, at least one of the pack switch or the module switch from transferring the electrical power from the on-board charger to the first battery module when a difference between the first current voltage of the first battery module and the second current voltage of the second battery module is less than the predetermined voltage level.

14. A vehicle charging system comprising:

a battery pack including a first battery module and a second battery module each configured to store electrical energy at a rated voltage;

a module switch configured to be selectively coupled to the first battery module and the second battery module;

a battery management system (BMS) coupled to the battery pack and configured to determine a first current voltage of the first battery module and a second current voltage of the second battery module;

an on-board charger configured to receive electrical power from an electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE);

a pack switch coupled to the on-board charger and the battery pack and configured to selectively transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the module switch and to a combination of the first battery module and the second battery module; and

an electronic control unit (ECU) coupled to the module switch, the BMS, and the pack switch and configured to;

control the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the combination of the first battery module and the second battery module or to the module switch,

control the module switch to transfer the electrical power to the first battery module or to the second battery module based on the first current voltage and the second current voltage,

determine that the electrical power is leaking from the first battery module by monitoring the first current voltage of the first battery module and the second current voltage of the second battery module, and

control the module switch to transfer the electrical power to the second battery module before the first battery module regardless of the first current voltage of the first battery module and the second current voltage of the second battery module when the electrical power is leaking from the first battery module and when the second current voltage of the second battery module is less than the rated voltage.

15. The vehicle charging system of claim 14 wherein the ECU is configured to control the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the combination of the first battery module and the second battery module when the first current voltage of the first battery module and the second current voltage of the second battery module are both less than the rated voltage.

16. The vehicle charging system of claim 14 wherein the ECU is configured to:

control the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the module switch and control the module switch to transfer the electrical power to the first battery module when the first current voltage of the first battery module is less than the second current voltage of the second battery module; and

control the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the module switch and control the module switch to transfer the electrical power to the second battery module when the first current voltage of the first battery module is greater than the second current voltage of the second battery module.

17. The vehicle charging system of claim 14 wherein the ECU is further configured to:

determine that the first battery module has a fault when at least one of the electrical power is leaking from the first battery module at a rate that is greater than a predetermined leakage rate or the first battery module can only be charged to a level that is below a predetermined charge level; and

control the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the module switch and control the module switch to prevent the electrical power from flowing to the first battery module in response to determining that the first battery module has the fault.

18. The vehicle charging system of claim 14 wherein the ECU is further configured to:

control the pack switch to transfer the electrical power from the on-board charger to the module switch and control the module switch to transfer the electrical power to the first battery module when the first current voltage of the first battery module is less than the second current voltage of the second battery module by a predetermined voltage level; and

prevent at least one of the pack switch or the module switch from transferring the electrical power from the on-board charger to the first battery module when a difference between the first current voltage of the first battery module and the second current voltage of the second battery module is less than the predetermined voltage level.