Navigation-enhanced battery state of charge maintenance

• US 10,392,003 B2
• Filed: 08/04/2017
• Issued: 08/27/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 08/04/2017
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America Incorporated (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Hawley, Thomas S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Shaawat, Mussa A
• Application Number:
  US15/669,762
• Publication Number:
  US 20190039596A1
• Time in Patent Office: 753 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 2006/4816 Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox internal shaft
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/46 Series type
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/48 Parallel type
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/485 Motor-assist type
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/2018 for braking on a slope
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/12 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/26 Vehicle weight
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/642 Slope of road
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/16 with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/61 by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/10 for monitoring or controlling batteries
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/18 Controlling the braking effect B60L7/12, B60L7/14, B60L7/16 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/12 using control strategies taking into account route information estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters B60W40/00
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/14 in conjunction with braking regeneration
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/15 Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2520/10 Longitudinal speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2530/10 Weight
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2552/15 Road slope, i.e. the inclination of a road segment in the longitudinal direction
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2552/20 Road profile, i.e. the change in elevation or curvature of a plurality of continuous road segments
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2710/244 Charge state
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/18127 : Regenerative braking
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 : Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 : Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 : Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 : Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 : Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Abstract

Systems and methods provide control the amount of battery SOC of a hybrid vehicle prior to reaching a downgrade section of roadway in order to offset the amount of energy that the hybrid vehicle will recuperate when traveling the downgrade. Navigation systems and methods are used to identify upcoming road conditions, such as downgrades. In this way, the battery SOC of the hybrid vehicle can maintain the capacity to allow a motor of the hybrid vehicle to assist in decelerating the hybrid vehicle during the downgrade if need be. Additionally, a situation where the battery is fully charged before reaching the end of the downgrade is avoided, which if not, could result in overcharging the battery, or having to switch to an engine-only mode of travel, where a driver must supplement engine braking with friction braking.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

determining a vehicle is approaching a downgrade;

determining relevant mass of the vehicle and road load associated with the vehicle;

calculating potential kinetic energy available from the downgrade based upon the relevant mass and road load associated with the vehicle, and one or more characteristics of the downgrade;

determining a potential braking force available from an engine of the vehicle during travel over the downgrade;

determining a target driving force to achieve a desired battery state of charge upon completing travel of the downgrade;

determining an amount of positive motor torque of an electric motor of the vehicle, the amount of positive motor torque determined based on a difference between the target driving force and the potential braking force; and

depleting a battery of the vehicle such that upon completing travel of the downgrade, the desired battery state of charge is achieved through operating the engine and the electric motor of the vehicle in a regenerative braking travel mode relative to the potential kinetic energy available from the downgrade.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the vehicle comprises a hybrid electric vehicle comprising at least one internal combustion engine and at least one electric motor providing drive power to the vehicle.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the vehicle is approaching the downgrade comprises obtaining navigational information indicative of road conditions of a route along which the vehicle is traveling.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the navigation information comprises at least the one or more characteristics of the downgrade.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the vehicle is towing a load.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the relevant mass of the vehicle comprises calculating the relevant mass based upon a drivetrain force of the vehicle and acceleration of the vehicle while traveling along a level section of roadway at a first speed.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein determining the road load associated with the vehicle comprises calculating the road load based upon the relevant mass of the vehicle, a drivetrain force and acceleration of the vehicle while traveling along a level section of the roadway at a second speed that is greater than the first speed.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating the potential kinetic energy available from the downgrade comprises determining gravitational force that would be experienced by the vehicle while traveling along the downgrade based upon at least the relevant mass of the vehicle.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more characteristics of the downgrade comprise at least a grade angle of the downgrade, a duration the vehicle will travel along the downgrade, and a distance from a current location of the vehicle to a starting point of the downgrade.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the potential kinetic energy is translated in an amount of electrical energy available from the downgrade for recharging the battery of the vehicle.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising calculating the amount the battery is to be depleted by determining a difference between the desired battery state of charge and the electrical energy available from the downgrade.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising determining whether the difference between the electrical energy available from the downgrade and the desired battery state of charge will result in the battery reaching the desired battery state of charge prior to completing travel of the downgrade.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising correlating the amount of electrical energy available from the downgrade to an amount of positive motor torque to be generated by the motor of the vehicle prior to reaching a starting point of the downgrade.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the positive motor torque generated by the motor of the vehicle provides a mechanism for the depletion of the battery.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein the desired battery state of charge comprises one of a fully charged condition and a non-fully charged condition, the amount of remaining charge being determined based upon one or more subsequent road conditions to be traveled by the vehicle.

16. The method of claim 1, further comprising enabling one or more electrically-driven accessories of the vehicle to deplete the battery of the vehicle when the vehicle is operating in an engine on travel mode.

17. A hybrid vehicle, comprising:

an internal combustion engine;

an electric motor operatively connected in parallel to the internal combustion engine; and

an electronic control unit adapted to;

obtain navigational information regarding a downgrade that is upcoming on a route being traveled by the hybrid vehicle;

operate the hybrid vehicle to deplete a battery providing electrical energy to the electric motor prior to traversing the downgrade;

operate the hybrid vehicle in an electric motor on travel mode while traversing the downgrade to recharge the battery to a desired battery state of charge upon the hybrid vehicle completing its traversal of the downgrade, wherein an amount by which the battery is depleted is based upon a calculated potential kinetic energy available from the downgrade based upon one or more characteristics of the downgrade, a potential braking force available from the internal combustion engine, a target driving force determined for achieving the desired battery state of charge upon completing travel of the downgrade, and an amount of positive motor torque of the electric motor determined based on a different between the target driving force and the potential braking force.

18. The hybrid vehicle of claim 17, wherein the electronic control unit comprises a navigational unit adapted to obtain the navigational information from one or more of a positioning sensor and network provided navigational information.

19. The hybrid vehicle of claim 17, wherein the electronic control unit comprises a target driving force calculation component adapted to determine the amount by which to deplete the battery based upon potential kinetic energy attributable to effects of gravity when traversing the downgrade, and wherein the potential kinetic energy is recouped as electrical energy recouped by the battery of the vehicle.

20. The hybrid vehicle of claim 17, wherein the electronic control unit is adapted to operate the hybrid vehicle to deplete the battery by at least one of operating the electric motor, and enabling one or more battery-powered accessories of the hybrid vehicle prior to the hybrid vehicle traversing the downgrade to draw current from the battery.