On-board state of health monitoring of batteries using incremental capacity analysis

• US 10,393,813 B2
• Filed: 08/26/2014
• Issued: 08/27/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 08/27/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Board of Regents of the University of Michigan (University of Michigan)
• Original Assignee: Board of Regents of the University of Michigan (University of Michigan)
• Inventors: Sun, Jing, Peng, Huei, Weng, Caihao
• Primary Examiner(s): Pelton, Nathaniel R
• Application Number:
  US14/469,117
• Publication Number:
  US 20150066406A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,827 Days
• Field of Search: 320134, 702 63, 429 61
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/547 Voltage
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/16 by display
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/12 Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/16 responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/367 Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3842 combining voltage and current measurements
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/392 Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/48 for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0013 acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially H02J7/1423 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/005 Detection of state of health [SOH]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

A method is provided for determining capacity of a battery. The method includes: defining a model for a battery, where the model relates terminal voltage of the battery to charged capacity of the battery; taking a plurality of voltage measures of the battery, where the voltage measures are taken through a range of states of charge and the range excludes the battery being fully charged and fully discharged; determining the parameters of the model by fitting the plurality of voltage measures to the model; determining an incremental capacity curve for the battery by taking derivative of the model; and quantifying a peak of the incremental capacity curve to thereby determine a capacity of the battery.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring state of health of a battery, comprising:

defining a model for a battery, where the model relates terminal voltage of the battery to charged capacity of the battery and defined in accordance with support vector regression;

measuring voltage of the battery through a range of states of charge, where the range excludes the battery being fully charged and fully discharged;

determining parameters of the model by fitting the voltage measures to the model;

determining an incremental capacity curve for the battery by taking derivative of the model; and

quantifying a peak of the incremental capacity curve, thereby determining a state of health for the battery.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the model is defined as a radial basis function.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprises measuring the voltage of the battery during one of charging or discharging of the battery.

4. The method of claim 1 further comprises measuring the voltage of the battery while the state of charge of the battery varies between sixty percent and eighty percent.

5. The method of claim 1 further comprises measuring the voltage of the battery while the state of charge of the battery varies between thirty percent and eighty percent.

6. The method of claim 1 further comprises determining parameters of the model using a linear programming method.

7. The method of claim 1 further comprises determining parameters of the model using a least square method.

8. The method of claim 1 further comprises quantifying the state of health of the battery by determining a magnitude of the peak of the incremental capacity curve, and comparing the magnitude of the peak to a magnitude of the peak of the incremental capacity curve when the battery is known to be at a nominal value.

9. The method of claim 1 further comprises displaying an indicator of the state of health of the battery on a display device.

10. A method for determining capacity of a battery, comprising:

defining a model for a battery, where the model relates terminal voltage of the battery to charged capacity of the battery and is defined in accordance with support vector regression;

receiving a plurality of voltage measures of the battery, where the voltage measures were taken through a range of states of charge and the range excludes the battery being fully charged and fully discharged;

determining parameters of the model by fitting the plurality of voltage measures to the model;

determining an incremental capacity curve for the battery by taking derivative of the model; and

quantifying a peak of the incremental capacity curve to thereby determine a capacity of the battery, where the steps of determining the parameters, determining the incremental capacity curve and quantifying the peak are implemented by computer executable instructions executed by a computer processor.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the plurality of voltage measures were taken while the state of charge of the battery varied between sixty percent and eighty percent.

12. The method of claim 10 wherein the plurality of voltage measures were taken while the state of charge of the battery varied between thirty percent and eighty percent.

13. The method of claim 10 further comprises determining parameters of the model using one of a linear programming method or a least square method.

14. The method of claim 10 further comprises quantifying a peak of the incremental capacity curve by determining a magnitude of the peak of the incremental capacity curve and expressing the determined magnitude of the peak in relation to a magnitude of the peak of the incremental capacity curve when the battery is known to be at its maximum capacity.

15. A battery monitoring device, comprising:

a data store for storing a model for a battery, where the model relates terminal voltage of the battery to charged capacity of the battery and is defined in accordance with support vector regression;

a battery monitor interfaced with a battery to measure voltage of the battery through a range of states of charge, where the range excludes the battery being fully charged and fully discharged,

the battery monitor determines parameters of the model by fitting the voltage measures to the model, determines an incremental capacity curve for the battery by taking derivative of the model, and quantifies a peak of the incremental capacity curve to thereby determine a capacity of the battery, wherein the battery monitor is implemented by computer executable instructions executed by a computer processor.

16. The battery monitor device of claim 15 resides in a portable housing having a display integrated therein, wherein the battery monitor operates to display an indicator for the battery capacity on the display.

17. The battery monitor device of claim 15 resides in a vehicle, wherein the battery monitor is interfaced with a communication bus in the vehicle.

18. The battery monitor device of claim 15 wherein the battery monitor measure voltage of the battery while the state of charge of the battery varies between thirty percent and eighty percent.

19. The battery monitor device of claim 15 wherein the battery is comprised of a plurality of battery cells.