Tracking using distributed fibre optic sensing

• US 10,401,199 B2
• Filed: 11/25/2016
• Issued: 09/03/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 11/30/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Optasense Holdings Limited (Luna Innovations, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Optasense Holdings Limited (Luna Innovations, Inc.)
• Inventors: Kelley, John, Lewis, Andrew
• Primary Examiner(s): Stock, Jr., Gordon J
• Application Number:
  US15/778,525
• Publication Number:
  US 20180340801A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,012 Days
• Field of Search: 356 731, 385 12, 385 13
• CPC Class Codes: B61L 23/041 Obstacle detection
• CPC Class Codes: B61L 23/30 using automatic section blocking
• CPC Class Codes: B61L 25/021 Measuring and recording of train speed
• CPC Class Codes: B61L 25/025 Absolute localisation, e.g. providing geodetic coordinates
• CPC Class Codes: B61L 27/40 Handling position reports or trackside vehicle data
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/353 influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/35358 using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/35361 using elastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Rayleigh backscattering
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/35364 using inelastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Brillouin or Raman backscattering
• CPC Class Codes: G01H 9/004 using fibre optic sensors light guides per se G02B6/00, acousto-optical devices specially adapted for gating or modulating in optical wave guides G02F1/125

Abstract

This application describes methods and apparatus for tracking targets in a fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) network. The DAS network comprises a plurality of interrogator units interrogating sensing fibers deployed along paths of interest to provide DAS sensors. Targets are tracked at each of a plurality of tracker nodes of the DAS network, where each tracker node receives measurement signals from one or more DAS sensors and applies a tracking algorithm to track any targets in a respective tracker zone. Each tracker node maintains, for each target, a tracking dataset of target properties for tracking that target. The method involves identifying when a first target in a first tracker zone of a first tracker node is approaching a second tracker zone of a second tracker nod and supplying for the first tracker node to the second tracker node a Target Descriptor for the first target.

Claims

1. A method of tracking targets in a fibre optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) network comprising:

tracking targets at each of a plurality of tracker nodes of the DAS network, wherein each tracker node;

receives measurement signals from one or more DAS sensors;

applies a tracking algorithm to said measurement signals to track any targets in a tracker zone corresponding to an area monitored by said one or more DAS sensors; and

maintains, for each target, a tracking dataset of target properties for tracking that target;

the method further comprising;

identifying when a first target in a first tracker zone of a first tracker node is approaching a second tracker zone of a second tracker node and supplying from the first tracker node to the second tracker node a Target Descriptor for the first target wherein the Target Descriptor comprises at least some of the tracking dataset for the first target; and

using the Target Descriptor at the second tracker node to track any entry of the first target into the second tracker zone.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the Target Descriptor comprises an identification for the first target which is unique across the DAS network.

3. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the tracking dataset comprises at least one of:

current position, velocity, acceleration and rate of change of acceleration.

4. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the tracking dataset comprises a state vector and covariance matrix for a Kalman filter.

5. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the Target Descriptor for the first target comprises all of the tracking dataset maintained by the first tracker node for the first target.

6. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the Target Descriptor for the first target comprises a time stamp indicating the last time that the tracking dataset was updated or validated.

7. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the step of identifying when a first target in a first tracker zone of a first tracker node is approaching a second tracker zone of a second tracker node is performed by the first tracker node.

8. A method as claimed in claim 7 wherein each tracker node is aware of at least its neighbouring tracker nodes with tracker zones that border or overlap with its tracker zone.

9. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the step of identifying when a first target in a first tracker zone of a first tracker node is approaching a second tracker zone of a second tracker node is performed by a control network node that receives information about targets being tracked by each of the tracker nodes.

10. A method as claimed in claim 9 wherein when the control network node identifies when a first target in a first tracker zone of a first tracker node is approaching a second tracker zone of a second tracker node it generates a control signal to the first tracker node instructing it to transmit the relevant Target Descriptor.

11. A method as claimed in claim 10 wherein the control signal instructs the first tracker node to send the relevant Target Descriptor to the second tracker node.

12. A method as claimed in claim 10 wherein the control network node receives the relevant Target Descriptor and forwards it to the second tracker node.

13. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the Target Descriptor comprises a first field which indicates which tracker node is responsible for the first target.

14. A method as claimed in claim 13 wherein the first tracker node provides at least one Target Descriptor to the second tracker node with the first field set to indicate that the first tracker node is responsible for the first target and subsequently provides an updated Target Descriptor to the second tracker node with the first field set to indicate that the first tracker node is no longer responsible for the first target.

15. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein each tracker node is configured to, for at least some targets being tracked, maintain at least one matched filter template for said target and to track said target using said at least one matched filter.

16. A method as claimed in claim 15 wherein said Target Descriptor comprises at least one matched filter template maintained by the first tracker node for the first target and wherein the second tracker node uses the at least one matched filter template from the Target Descriptor to acquire and track the first target in the second tracker zone.

17. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the DAS network is configured to track movement of traffic on a transport network.

18. A method as claimed in claim 17 wherein the transport network is a rail network.

19. A tracker node for a fibre optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) sensor network comprising:

a processor configured to, in use;

receive measurement signals from one or more DAS sensors; and

apply a tracking algorithm to said measurement signals to track any targets in a first tracker zone corresponding to an area monitored by said one or more DAS sensors;

wherein the tracking algorithm is configured to maintain, for any such target, a tracking dataset of target properties for tracking that target;

wherein the processor is configured to receive a Target Descriptor for a first target, wherein Target Descriptor for the first target corresponds to data about a target in a second tracker zone of another tracker node of the DAS sensor network that is approaching the first tracker zone, and

the processor is configured to use said Target Descriptor to track any entry of the first target into the first tracker zone.

20. A control node for a fibre optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) sensor network comprising:

a controller configured to receive target parameters from a plurality of tracker nodes, each tracker node comprising one or more DAS sensors and a processor configured to apply a tracking algorithm to track any targets in a first tracker zone corresponding to an area monitored by said one or more DAS sensors;

wherein the controller is configured to determine when a first target in a first tracker zone is approaching a second tracker zone and to control transfer of a Target Descriptor from the tracker node associated with the first tracker zone to the tracker node associated with the second tracker zone, wherein the Target Descriptor comprises at least part of a tracking dataset of target properties for tracking the first target.