Renewable replacements for carbon black in composites and methods of making and using thereof

• US 10,414,880 B2
• Filed: 03/13/2015
• Issued: 09/17/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 03/14/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: University of Guelph
• Original Assignee: University of Guelph
• Inventors: Mohanty, Amar, Misra, Manjusri, Bali, Atul, Rodriguez-Uribe, Arturo
• Primary Examiner(s): Valdez, Deve E
• Application Number:
  US15/126,187
• Publication Number:
  US 20170107334A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,649 Days
• Field of Search: 524502
• CPC Class Codes: B09B 3/00 Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
• CPC Class Codes: B09B 3/40 involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation processes using mineral binders involving a melting or softening step B09B3/29; involving radiation B09B3/50
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 2323/06 Polyethene
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 2323/12 Polypropene
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 2327/06 Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 2400/16 Biodegradable polymers
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 2423/06 Polyethene
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 2423/12 Polypropene
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 2427/06 Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 3/226 using a polymer as a carrier
• CPC Class Codes: C08K 3/04 Carbon
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 101/00 Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 23/06 Polyethene
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 23/12 Polypropene
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 2310/00 Masterbatches
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 27/06 Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
• CPC Class Codes: Y02W 30/20 Waste processing or separation

Abstract

Biocarbon is presented as an alternative to synthetic carbon black. Master batches having biocarbon for usage in raw plastics and/or the production of composites. Biocarbon is mainly derived from plant biomass, but other sources can be used. A method of producing the master batch: (a) pyrolyzing processed biomass in an oxygen-starved environment to produced biocarbon; (b) comminuting the biocarbon in a reduced oxygen atmosphere; (c) cooling the comminuted biocarbon; (d) mixing the cooled comminuted biocarbon with a carrier resin, thereby producing the master batch.

Claims

1. A master batch for the production of composites, the master batch comprising a blend of carbonized biomass and a carrier resin, wherein the carbonized biomass has a particle size lower than about 100 microns, and wherein the concentration of the carbonized biomass in the master batch is from about 25% wt. to about 75% wt., and the concentration of the carrier resin in the master batch is from about 25% wt. to about 75% wt.

2. The master batch of claim 1, wherein the biomass is selected from:

plant fibers, municipal solid waste, agricultural biomass, forest biomass, and animal manure.

3. The master batch of claim 1, wherein the carrier resin is a synthetic polymer.

4. The master batch of claim 2, wherein the synthetic polymer is selected from polyethylene (PE), crosslinked-polyethylene (PEX), polypropylene (PP), impact polypropylene, and polybutylene (PB);

polyvinylchloride (PVC), chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polystyrene (PS), acrylic polymers, nylon, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, thermoplastic polyurethanes, polycarbonates, or combinations thereof.

5. The master batch of claim 1, wherein the carrier resin is a bioplastic.

6. The master batch of claim 5, wherein the bioplastic is selected from poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), polycaprolactone, polyhydroxyalkanoates or combinations thereof.

7. The master batch of claim 1, wherein the blend further comprises an additive.

8. A composite comprising a polymer compounded with a master batch of claim 1.

9. The composite of claim 8, wherein the concentration of the carbonized biomass in the composite comprises between 1% wt. and 6% wt.

10. A product comprising the composite of claim 8.

11. The master batch of claim 1, wherein the carbonized biomass is biochar.

12. The master batch of claim 1, wherein the carbonized biomass has a particle size ranging from about 50 nanometers to about 100 microns.

13. The composite of claim 8, wherein the carbonized biomass is biochar.

14. The composite of claim 8, wherein the carbonized biomass has a particle size ranging from about 50 nanometers to about 100 microns.

17. A method of producing a master batch according to claim 1, the method comprising:

(a) pyrolizing processed biomass in an oxygen-starved environment to produced biocarbon;

(b) communiting the biocarbon;

(c) mixing the communited biocarbon with a carrier resin, thereby producing the master batch.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the pyrolysis is carried out at a temperature of about 400°

C. to about 900°

C.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the biocarbon is comminuted while the biocarbon is at about 350°

C.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein the comminuting of step (b) takes place in a reduced oxygen atmosphere.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the method further comprises cooling the comminuted biocarbon.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the comminuted biocarbon is cooled to about 200°

C.

23. The method of claim 17, wherein the biocarbon is comminuted to a particle size ranging from about 100 microns to about 50 nanometers.

24. The method of claim 17, wherein from about 25% wt. to about 70% wt of the carrier resin is mixed with from about 30% wt. to about 75% wt. of the biocarbon.

25. The method of claim 17, wherein the method further comprises adding an additive.

15. A master batch for the production of composites, the master batch comprising a blend of carbonized biomass and a carrier resin, wherein the carbonized biomass has a particle size lower than about 100 microns, and wherein the carrier resin is a bioplastic.

16. A composite comprising a polymer compounded with a master batch of claim 15.