Sensing platform for quantum transduction of chemical information

• US 10,422,764 B2
• Filed: 02/02/2016
• Issued: 09/24/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 08/09/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University (Stanford Management Co.)
• Original Assignee: Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University (Stanford Management Co.)
• Inventors: Gupta, Chaitanya
• Primary Examiner(s): Kaur, Gurpreet
• Assistant Examiner(s): Rosenwald, Steven E
• Application Number:
  US15/013,384
• Publication Number:
  US 20160161438A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,330 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 15/00 Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/301 Reference electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/327 Biochemical electrodes , e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/4145 specially adapted for biomolecules, e.g. gate electrode with immobilised receptors
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/4148 Integrated circuits therefor, e.g. fabricated by CMOS processing CMOS processing per se H01L21/82
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/561 Immunoelectrophoresis
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/6803 General methods of protein analysis not limited to specific proteins or families of proteins

Abstract

A system for determining chemistry of a molecule in a high background interfering liquid environment by application of an electronic signal at a biased metal-electrolyte interface is disclosed. One or more of a resonant exchange of energy between one or more electrons exchanged by the metal and the electrolyte and vibrating bonds of a molecular analyte, for example, may be sensed by measuring small signal conductivity of an electrochemical interface.

Claims

1. A tunneling biosensor interface system for sensing chemical information, the system comprising:

a fluidic system comprising;

a sample acquisition zone configured to receive a sample comprising a redox specie and an analyte specie;

a filtration module coupled to the sample acquisition zone and configured to wick the sample from the sample acquisition zone and separate the analyte specie from the sample; and

a quantum tunneling biosensor interface coupled to the fluidic system and configured to detect the analyte specie, the quantum tunneling biosensor interface comprising;

a transducing electrode array comprising dielectric thin films deposited on an electrode array wherein the dielectric thin films comprise a nanolaminate to apply a directional magnetic field across the transducing electrode array; and

sensor interface circuitry coupled to the transducing electrode array and configured to detect a tunneling current configured to flow between the redox specie and the transducing electrode array via at least one dielectric thin film deposited on an electrode array,

wherein the tunneling current is indicative of the analyte specie.

2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a voltage source to apply a voltage bias across the transducing electrode array to produce the tunneling current.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the quantum tunneling biosensor interface is mounted on a shielded printed circuit board.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the sensor interface circuitry is coupled to the transducing electrode array by through-silicon vias in a silicon die.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the filtration module includes a graded pore structure configured to separate the analyte specie from the sample.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the dielectric thin films are configured to spatially separate the sample and the sensor interface circuitry.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the fluidic system further comprises:

an immunoseparation module coupled to the filtration module;

a tapered micro-chromatograph coupled to the immunoseparation module; and

an adsorption pad coupled to the quantum tunneling biosensor interface.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the immunoseparation module includes a nitrocellulose membrane including surface antibodies configured to remove high-abundance proteins from the sample.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the dielectric thin films comprise at least one nanolaminate having a high dielectric constant.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one nanolaminate comprises high dielectric constant layers and low dielectric constant layers, the high dielectric constant layers being intercalated between the low dielectric constant layers.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the high dielectric constant layers comprise at least one material selected from the group consisting of:

HfO₂;

Ta₂O₂;

ZrO₂; and

TiO₂.

12. The system of claim 10, wherein the low dielectric constant layers comprise at least one organic alkane layer.

13. The system of claim 1, wherein the dielectric thin films comprising layers of a non-magnetic dielectric insulator intercalated between substacks, the substacks comprising alternating layers of a first ferromagnetic material with a high dielectric constant and a second ferromagnetic material with a low dielectric constant.

14. The system of claim 13, the non-magnetic dielectric insulator comprising Al₂O₃.

15. A tunneling interface, comprising:

a fluidic system comprising;

a sample acquisition zone configured to receive a sample comprising a redox specie and an analyte specie; and

a filtration module coupled to the sample acquisition zone and configured to wick the sample from the sample acquisition zone and separate the analyte specie from the sample;

a quantum tunneling biosensor interface coupled to the fluidic system and configured to detect the analyte specie, the quantum tunneling biosensor interface comprising;

a transducing electrode sensor array comprising at least one dielectric thin film layered on an electrode array wherein the at least one dielectric thin film comprises a nanolaminate to apply a directional magnetic field across the transducing electrode array;

a voltage source to apply a voltage bias across the transducing electrode sensor array to produce a tunneling current between the redox specie and the transducing electrode array via the at least one dielectric thin film deposited on an electrode array; and

sensor interface circuitry coupled to the transducing electrode sensor array, and configured to detect the tunneling current, wherein the tunneling current is indicative of the analyte specie.

16. The tunneling interface of claim 15, further comprising:

an immunoseparation module in fluid communication with the sample acquisition zone; and

a tapered micro-chromatograph in fluid communication with the immunoseparation module and the transducing electrode sensor array.

17. The tunneling interface of claim 15, wherein the transducing electrode sensor array comprises the at least one dielectric thin film layered on a metal electrode array.

18. The tunneling interface of claim 15, wherein the at least one dielectric thin film comprises a high dielectric constant layer comprising the nanolaminate.

19. The tunneling interface of claim 15, wherein the at least one dielectric thin film comprises at least one high dielectric constant layer and at least one low dielectric constant layer.

20. A system for sensing chemical information, the system comprising:

a fluidic system, comprising;

a sample acquisition zone;

a tapered micro-chromatogram operatively coupled to the sample acquisition zone; and

an adsorption pad operatively coupled to the tapered micro-chromatogram; and

a quantum tunneling biosensor interface operatively coupled to the adsorption pad, the quantum tunneling biosensor interface comprising;

a transducing electrode array comprising dielectric thin films deposited on an electrode array, the dielectric thin films being configured to produce a weakly-coupled non-adiabatic electron flux in response to a voltage bias being applied to the transducing electrode array; and

sensor interface circuitry processing logic operatively coupled to the transducing electrode array.

21. The system of claim 20, further comprising a voltage source to apply the voltage bias across the transducing electrode array to produce the weakly-coupled non-adiabatic electron flux.

22. The system of claim 20, wherein the dielectric thin films comprise at least one high dielectric constant layer and at least one low dielectric constant layer.