Diffusion layer for an enzymatic in vivo sensor
First Claim
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1. An electrode system for measuring the concentration of an analyte under in vivo conditions, the system comprising:
- an electrode with immobilized enzyme molecules; and
a diffusion barrier that controls diffusion of the analyte from an exterior of the electrode system to the immobilized enzyme molecules, wherein the diffusion barrier comprises a block copolymer having at least one hydrophilic block and at least one hydrophobic block, wherein the at least one hydrophilic block is made from hydrophilic monomeric units selected from the group consisting of hydrophilic (meth)acrylesters with a polar —
OH, —
OCH3 or —
OC2H2 group, hydrophilic (meth)acrylamides, (meth)acrylic acid, and combinations thereof, wherein the at least one hydrophilic block and the at least one hydrophobic block are covalently linked to one another, and wherein the at least one hydrophobic block has a glass transition temperature between 40°
C. and 100°
C.
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Abstract
Electrode systems are disclosed for measuring the concentration of an analyte under in vivo conditions, where the systems includes an electrode with immobilized enzyme molecules and an improved diffusion barrier that controls diffusion of the analyte from body fluid surrounding the electrode system to the enzyme molecules. Methods of making and using the system also are disclosed.
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Citations
25 Claims
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1. An electrode system for measuring the concentration of an analyte under in vivo conditions, the system comprising:
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an electrode with immobilized enzyme molecules; and a diffusion barrier that controls diffusion of the analyte from an exterior of the electrode system to the immobilized enzyme molecules, wherein the diffusion barrier comprises a block copolymer having at least one hydrophilic block and at least one hydrophobic block, wherein the at least one hydrophilic block is made from hydrophilic monomeric units selected from the group consisting of hydrophilic (meth)acrylesters with a polar —
OH, —
OCH3 or —
OC2H2 group, hydrophilic (meth)acrylamides, (meth)acrylic acid, and combinations thereof, wherein the at least one hydrophilic block and the at least one hydrophobic block are covalently linked to one another, and wherein the at least one hydrophobic block has a glass transition temperature between 40°
C. and 100°
C. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 24)
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18. A method of making a diffusion barrier for an enzymatic electrode, the method comprising the steps of:
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providing a solution of block copolymer in a solvent or a solvent mixture to a prefabricated electrode system having the enzymatic electrode, wherein the block copolymer comprises at least one hydrophilic block and at least one hydrophobic block covalently linked to one another as the block copolymer, and wherein the at least one hydrophilic block is made from hydrophilic monomeric units selected from the group consisting of hydrophilic (meth)acrylesters with a polar —
OH, —
OCH3 or —
OC2H2 group, hydrophilic (meth)acrylamides, (meth)acrylic acid, and combinations thereof; anddrying the solution into the diffusion barrier for the enzymatic electrode, wherein the at least one hydrophobic block has a glass transition temperature between 40°
C. and 100°
C. - View Dependent Claims (19, 22, 23)
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25. An electrode system for measuring the concentration of an analyte under in vivo conditions, the system comprising:
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an electrode with immobilized enzyme molecules; and a diffusion barrier that controls diffusion of the analyte from an exterior of the electrode system to the immobilized enzyme molecules, wherein the diffusion barrier comprises a block copolymer having at least one hydrophilic block and at least one hydrophobic block, wherein the at least one hydrophilic block is made from hydrophilic monomeric units selected from the group consisting of hydrophilic (meth)acrylesters with a polar —
OH, —
OCH3 or —
OC2H2 group, hydrophilic (meth)acrylamides, (meth)acrylic acid, and combinations thereof, wherein the at least one hydrophilic block and the at least one hydrophobic block are covalently linked to one another, and wherein the at least one hydrophobic block is made from hydrophobic monomeric units selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic (meth)acrylesters, styrene-based monomers and combinations thereof.
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Specification