Introducing a mobile layer of ionic liquid into electrolytes of lithium ion batteries
First Claim
1. A method comprising:
- adding, into a carbonate-containing electrolyte of a lithium ion battery, up to 10 percent by volume of at least one ionic liquid, which consists of cations and anions,forming, during charging of the lithium ion battery and at surfaces of anode material particles thereof, a mobile layer comprising at least some of the cations, andestablishing a gradient of electric charge at the mobile layer during charging of the lithium ion battery, to provide an interphase transition between the electrolyte and the anode material particles, the gradient configured to have a gradual change of parameters which gradually reduces an activation energy of a reduction reaction of lithium ions being charged from the electrolyte into the anode material particles.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Electrolytes, anodes, lithium ion cells and methods are provided for preventing lithium metallization in lithium ion batteries to enhance their safety. Electrolytes comprise up to 20% ionic liquid additives which form a mobile solid electrolyte interface during charging of the cell and prevent lithium metallization and electrolyte decomposition on the anode while maintaining the lithium ion mobility at a level which enables fast charging of the batteries. Anodes are typically metalloid-based, for example include silicon, germanium, tin and/or aluminum. A surface layer on the anode bonds, at least some of the ionic liquid additive to form an immobilized layer that provides further protection at the interface between the anode and the electrolyte, prevents metallization of lithium on the former and decomposition of the latter.
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Citations
37 Claims
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1. A method comprising:
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adding, into a carbonate-containing electrolyte of a lithium ion battery, up to 10 percent by volume of at least one ionic liquid, which consists of cations and anions, forming, during charging of the lithium ion battery and at surfaces of anode material particles thereof, a mobile layer comprising at least some of the cations, and establishing a gradient of electric charge at the mobile layer during charging of the lithium ion battery, to provide an interphase transition between the electrolyte and the anode material particles, the gradient configured to have a gradual change of parameters which gradually reduces an activation energy of a reduction reaction of lithium ions being charged from the electrolyte into the anode material particles. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 36)
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9. A method comprising:
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adding, into a carbonate-containing electrolyte of a lithium ion battery, up to 10 percent by volume of at least one ionic liquid, which consists of cations and anions, forming, during charging of the lithium ion battery and at surfaces of anode material particles thereof, a mobile layer comprising at least some of the cations, and configuring the formed mobile layer to fill in cracks in the anode material particles. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 34)
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12. A method comprising:
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adding, into a carbonate-containing electrolyte of a lithium ion battery, up to 10 percent by volume of at least one ionic liquid, which consists of cations and anions, forming, during charging of the lithium ion battery and at surfaces of anode material particles thereof, a mobile layer comprising at least some of the cations, and coating the anode material particles with a coating that binds at least some of the cations of the mobile layer. - View Dependent Claims (13, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 37)
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Specification