Divider-less phase locked loop

• US 10,425,086 B1
• Filed: 10/03/2018
• Issued: 09/24/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 04/13/2018
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: KaiKuTeK Inc.
• Original Assignee: KaiKuTeK Inc.
• Inventors: Chen, Pang-Ning, Lin, Chen-Lun, Chen, Ying-Chia, Wang, Wei-Jyun, Wang, Mike Chun-Hung
• Primary Examiner(s): Houston, Adam D
• Application Number:
  US16/150,447
• Publication Number:
  US 20190319630A1
• Time in Patent Office: 356 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/343 using sawtooth modulation
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/352 Receivers
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/40 Means for monitoring or calibrating
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/4021 of receivers
• CPC Class Codes: H03B 2200/004 including a variable capacitance, e.g. a varicap, a varactor or a variable capacitance of a diode or transistor
• CPC Class Codes: H03B 2200/0074 Locking of an oscillator by injecting an input signal directly into the oscillator
• CPC Class Codes: H03B 2201/0208 the means being an element with a variable capacitance, e.g. capacitance diode
• CPC Class Codes: H03B 5/04 Modifications of generator to compensate for variations in physical values, e.g. power supply, load, temperature
• CPC Class Codes: H03B 5/1215 the current source or degeneration circuit being in common to both transistors of the pair, e.g. a cross-coupled long-tailed pair
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0205 in transistor amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/32 Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion by negative feedback H03F1/34
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/222 A circuit being added at the input of an amplifier to adapt the input impedance of the amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/451 the amplifier being a radio frequency amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/513 the amplifier being made for low supply voltages
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45156 At least one capacitor being added at the input of a dif amp
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45544 the IC comprising one or more capacitors, e.g. coupling capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45631 the LC comprising one or more capacitors, e.g. coupling capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/10 with diodes parametric amplifiers H03F7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/19 with semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/45475 using IC blocks as the active amplifying circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/45636 : by using feedback means H03F3/45744 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 7/06 : including resistors H03H7/075, H03H7/09, H03H7/12, H03H7/13 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/0816 : the controlled phase shifter and the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement being connected to a common input
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/0818 : the controlled phase shifter comprising coarse and fine delay or phase-shifting means
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/0891 : the up-down pulses controlling source and sink current generators, e.g. a charge pump
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/099 : concerning mainly the controlled oscillator of the loop
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/113 : using frequency discriminator
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/16 : Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/18 : Input circuits, e.g. for coupling to an antenna or a transmission line coupling networks between antennas or lines and receivers independent of the nature of the receiver H03H

Abstract

A divider-less phase locked loop (PLL) includes a phase frequency detector (PFD), a charge pump (CP), a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), a delay unit, and a clock gating unit. The PFD is electrically connected to the VCO through the CP, and the CP outputs a voltage control signal to the VCO. The VCO generates an output signal. The delay unit receives and delays a reference signal to generate a delay signal. The clock gating unit samples the output signal according to the delay signal. Since the clock gating unit samples the output signal according to the delay signal, the divider-less PLL does not need to include a divider to divide a frequency of the output signal. Therefore, power consumption of the divider-less PLL can be reduced.

Claims

1. A divider-less phase locked loop (PLL), comprising:

a phase frequency detector (PFD), generating an up signal and a down signal;

a charge pump (CP), electrically connected to the PFD, and generating a voltage control signal according to the up signal and the down signal;

a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), electronically connected to the CP, and generating an output signal according to the voltage control signal;

a delay unit, receiving a reference signal, and delaying the reference signal to generate a delay signal; and

a clock gating unit, electrically connected to the PFD, the VCO, and the delay unit;

wherein the clock gating unit samples the output signal according to the delay signal to generate a feedback signal;

wherein the PFD receives the reference signal and the feedback signal, and generates the up signal and the down signal according to the reference signal and the feedback signal.

2. The divider-less PLL as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:

a loop filter (LP);

wherein the CP is electrically connected to the VCO through the LP, and the LP filters the voltage control signal.

3. The divider-less PLL as claimed in claim 2, wherein the LP is a low pass filter.

4. The divider-less PLL as claimed in claim 1, wherein the delay unit comprises:

a waveform generator, generating a waveform signal;

a sigma delta modulator (SDM), electrically connected to the waveform generator, and generating a control signal according to the waveform signal; and

a digital to time convertor (DTC), electrically connected to the SDM and the clock gating unit;

wherein the DTC receives the reference signal, delays the reference signal to generate the delay signal according to the control signal, and outputs the delay signal to the clock gating unit.

5. The divider-less PLL as claimed in claim 4, wherein a model of the SDM of the delay unit is MASH 1-1-1.

6. The divider-less PLL as claimed in claim 4, wherein the DTC comprises a plurality of unit cells and a delay controller;

wherein the unit cells are connected in series, and each one of the unit cells comprises;

a first nand gate, comprising two first inputs and a first output;

wherein one of the two first inputs receives the reference signal, and another one of the two first inputs is electrically connected to the delay controller;

a second nand gate, comprising two second inputs and a second output;

wherein one of the two second inputs is electrically connected to the delay controller; and

a third nand gate, comprising two third inputs and a third output;

wherein one of the two third inputs is electrically connected to the first output, and another one of the two third inputs is electrically connected to the second output;

wherein another one of the two second inputs is electrically connected to the third output of a preceding unit cell; and

wherein the delay controller is electrically connected to the SDM, generates a delay control signal according to the control signal, and outputs the delay control signal to the unit cells.

7. The divider-less PLL as claimed in claim 4, wherein the DTC comprises at least one unit cell and a delay controller,

wherein the at least one unit cell comprises:

a delay cell, comprising an input and an output;

wherein the input of the delay cell receives the reference signal; and

a capacitor, electrically connected between the output of the delay cell and a ground; and

wherein the delay controller is electrically connected to the SDM and the capacitor of the at least one unit cell, generates a delay control signal according to the control signal, and outputs the delay control signal to the at least one unit cell to control capacity of the capacitor.

8. The divider-less PLL as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clock gating unit comprises:

a first delay cell, comprising a first delay input and a first delay output;

wherein the first delay input is electrically connected to the delay unit to receive the delay signal;

a second delay cell, comprising a second delay input and a second delay output;

wherein the second delay input is electrically connected to the first delay output of the first delay cell;

a first D flip-flop, comprising a first data input, a first output, and a first clock input;

wherein the first data input is electrically connected to the delay unit to receive the delay signal;

a second D flip-flop, comprising a second data input, a second output, and a second clock input;

wherein the second data input is electrically connected to the first delay output of the first delay cell;

a third D flip-flop, comprising a third data input, a third output, and a third clock input;

wherein the third data input is electrically connected to the second delay output of the second delay cell; and

an OR gate, comprising three gate inputs and a gate output;

wherein each of the gate inputs is respectively electrically connected to the first output of the first D flip-flop, the second output of the second D flip-flop, and the third output of the third D flip-flop;

wherein the gate output is electrically connected to the PFD, and outputs the feedback signal to the PFD.

9. The divider-less PLL as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:

a frequency locked loop (FLL) module;

a first switch, electrically connected to the PFD, the clock gating unit, and the FLL module;

a second switch, electrically connected to the VCO, the clock gating unit, and the FLL module;

wherein when a frequency of the reference signal and a frequency of the feedback signal are locked, the first switch connects the clock gating unit to the PFD, the clock gating unit outputs the feedback signal to the PFD, the second switch connects the VCO to the clock gating unit, and the VCO outputs the output signal to the clock gating unit.

10. The divider-less PLL as claimed in claim 9, wherein when the frequency of the reference signal and the frequency of the feedback signal are unlocked, the first switch connects the FLL module to the PFD, the FLL module outputs a frequency feedback signal to the PFD, the second switch connects the VCO to the FLL module, and the VCO outputs the output signal to the FLL module.