Method for additive manufacturing

• US 10,434,572 B2
• Filed: 11/19/2014
• Issued: 10/08/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 12/19/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Arcam Ab (Danaher Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Arcam Ab (Danaher Corporation)
• Inventors: Ljungblad, Ulric
• Primary Examiner(s): Walker, Keith
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hevey, John A
• Application Number:
  US14/547,549
• Publication Number:
  US 20150174658A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,784 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/28 Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/36 of energy beam parameters
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/364 for post-heating, e.g. remelting
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/52 Hoppers
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/55 Two or more means for feeding material
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/90 Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/153 using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/268 using laser beams; using electron beams [EB]
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/393 for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 10/00 Processes of additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 50/02 for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 10/25 Process efficiency

Abstract

A method for forming a three-dimensional article through successive fusion of parts of a powder bed comprising: providing a model of the three dimensional article, applying a first powder layer on a work table, directing an energy beam over the work table causing the first powder layer to fuse in selected locations according to the model to form a first cross section of the three-dimensional article, applying a second powder layer on the work table, directing the energy beam over the work table causing the second powder layer to fuse in selected locations according to the model to form a second cross section of the three-dimensional article, wherein the second layer is bonded to the first layer, detecting a local thickness in at least two positions in at least the second powder layer, varying an energy beam parameter depending on the detected local thickness of the second powder layer.

Claims

1. A method for forming at least one three-dimensional article through successive fusion of parts of a powder bed, which parts correspond to successive cross sections of the at least one three-dimensional article, said method comprising the steps of:

providing a model of said at least one three dimensional article;

applying a first powder layer on a work table;

directing at least one energy beam over said work table causing said first powder layer to fuse in selected locations according to said model to form a first cross section of said three-dimensional article;

applying a second powder layer on said work table;

directing the at least one energy beam over said work table along an intended beam path causing said second powder layer to fuse in selected locations according to said model to form a second cross section of said three-dimensional article; and

determining a local thickness spanning at least two surfaces or layers by;

detecting a first topography of a surface onto which a new powder layer is to be applied;

detecting a second topography of a surface of the new powder layer;

subtracting said second topography with said first topography resulting in a third topography; and

adding a distance said work table is lowered to said third topography resulting in said thickness of said new powder layer,

wherein;

said second layer is bonded to said first layer;

the local thickness is detected along the intended beam path; and

an energy beam parameter is varied depending on the detected local thickness of said second powder layer along the intended beam path and in order to melt said second powder layer and to remelt at least a predetermined thickness of said first cross section.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said energy beam is at least one of an electron beam or a laser beam.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said energy beam parameter is at least one of a group consisting of:

beam power, beam deflection speed, and beam spot size.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said topography of said surfaces are determined via images from at least one of a SEM or a 3-D scanner.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said predetermined thickness of said first cross section, which is remelted, is greater than 50% of the thickness of the first cross section.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein said predetermined thickness of said first cross section, which is remelted, is 1-20% of the thickness of the first cross section.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein said powder is metallic powder.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the local thickness is further determined by correlating an actual brightness increase between at least two consecutive images with a predetermined thickness.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the local thickness is detected in at least two positions in at least said second powder layer.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein said remelted predetermined thickness is constant throughout the portions of said first cross section, which is remelted.

11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the at least two consecutive images are captured by at least one of an IR-camera, a CCD-camera, a digital camera, a CMOS camera or a NIR-camera.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein said images are captured before said second powder layer reaches its maximum temperature.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein said predetermined thickness of said first cross section, which is remelted, is 1-5% of the thickness of the first cross section.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein said predetermined thickness of said first cross section, which is remelted, is 5-10% of the thickness of the first cross section.

15. The method according to claim 1, wherein said predetermined thickness of said first cross section, which is remelted, is 10-20% of the thickness of the first cross section.