Fabric-based devices with force sensing

• US 10,437,331 B2
• Filed: 11/30/2018
• Issued: 10/08/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 06/14/2017
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Hoen, Storrs T., Sunshine, Daniel D., Zimmerman, Aidan N., Podhajny, Daniel A., May, Maurice P.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lea-Edmonds, Lisa
• Application Number:
  US16/206,851
• Publication Number:
  US 20190113972A1
• Time in Patent Office: 312 Days
• CPC Class Codes: A41D 1/005 with embedded cable or connector
• CPC Class Codes: A41D 31/02 Layered materials characterised by special function or use A41D31/04
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/021 Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels A61B5/0205 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/024 Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate A61B5/0205, A61B5/021 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0816 Measuring devices for examining respiratory frequency measuring frequency of electric signals G01R23/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6806 Gloves
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6843 Monitoring or controlling sensor contact pressure
• CPC Class Codes: D02G 3/441 Yarns or threads with antistatic, conductive or radiation-shielding properties electroconductive, anti-static or radiation-shielding filaments D01F1/09, D01F1/106; anti-static fabrics D03D15/533; conducting, insulating or anti-static layers for floor coverings D06N7/0042
• CPC Class Codes: D03D 1/0082 Fabrics for printed circuit boards
• CPC Class Codes: D03D 1/0088 Fabrics having an electronic function
• CPC Class Codes: D10B 2401/16 antistatic; conductive
• CPC Class Codes: D10B 2401/18 including electronic components
• CPC Class Codes: D10B 2501/041 Gloves
• CPC Class Codes: G01L 1/146 for measuring force distributions, e.g. using force arrays G01L1/148 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/163 Wearable computers, e.g. on a belt
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2203/04102 Flexible digitiser, i.e. constructional details for allowing the whole digitising part of a device to be flexed or rolled like a sheet of paper
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/014 Hand-worn input/output arrangements, e.g. data gloves
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/045 using resistive elements, e.g. a single continuous surface or two parallel surfaces put in contact
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04883 for inputting data by handwriting, e.g. gesture or text

Abstract

A fabric-based item such as a fabric glove may include force sensing circuitry. The force sensing circuitry may include force sensor elements formed from electrodes on a compressible substrate such as an elastomeric polymer substrate. The fabric may include intertwined strands of material including conductive strands. Signals from the force sensing circuitry may be conveyed to control circuitry in the item using the conductive strands. Wireless circuitry in the fabric-based item may be used to convey force sensor information to external equipment. The compressible substrate may have opposing upper and lower surfaces. Electrodes for the force sensor elements may be formed on the upper and lower surfaces. Stiffeners may overlap the electrodes to help decouple adjacent force sensor elements from each other. Integrated circuits can be attached to respective force sensing elements using adhesive.

Claims

1. Apparatus, comprising:

conductive strands of material that form signal paths;

control circuitry coupled to the signal paths; and

a force sensor coupled to the control circuitry, wherein the force sensor has a force sensor element and capacitive force sensor circuitry that is electrically coupled to the force sensor element through the signal paths.

2. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the conductive strands form at least part of the force sensor.

3. The apparatus defined in claim 2 wherein the conductive strands form a fabric and at least a portion of the force sensor is embedded in the fabric.

4. The apparatus defined in claim 3 wherein the conductive strands are monofilaments.

5. The apparatus defined in claim 4 wherein the force sensor element includes a compressible substrate and first and second electrodes that are respectively located on first and second opposing surfaces of the compressible substrate.

6. The apparatus defined in claim 5 wherein the force sensor comprises a metal shielding layer on the compressible substrate.

7. The apparatus defined in claim 6 wherein the force sensor element comprises a metal layer on the compressible substrate having serpentine signal paths.

8. A wearable electronic device, comprising:

fabric having intertwined strands, wherein the fabric forms a glove that is configured to be worn on a user'"'"'s hand;

control circuitry; and

a force sensor coupled to the control circuitry and to the fabric, wherein at least a portion of the force sensor is in a finger portion of the glove.

9. The wearable electronic device defined in claim 8 wherein the force sensor includes vertical strip-shaped electrodes and horizontal strip-shaped electrodes that overlap the vertical strip-shaped electrodes.

10. The wearable electronic device defined in claim 9 wherein the force sensor is configured to make two-dimensional force measurements using the vertical strip-shaped electrodes and the horizontal strip-shaped electrodes.

11. The wearable electronic device defined in claim 8 wherein the force sensor is formed from force sensor elements on an elongated strip-shaped polymer substrate that forms one of the intertwined strands.

12. A wearable electronic device, comprising:

fabric having intertwined strands;

control circuitry; and

a force sensor coupled to the control circuitry and to the fabric, wherein the force sensor includes a compressible substrate and first and second electrodes that are respectively located on first and second opposing surfaces of the compressible substrate.

13. The wearable electronic device defined in claim 12 wherein the force sensor further comprises an electrical shield on the compressible substrate and conductive traces on the compressible substrate that couple the first and second electrodes to capacitive force sensor circuitry.

14. The wearable electronic device defined in claim 13 wherein the compressible substrate has first and second elastomeric layers, wherein the first electrode is a sense electrode between the first and second elastomeric layers and wherein the second electrode is a drive electrode on the first elastomeric layer and separated from the first electrode by the first elastomeric layer.

15. A fabric-based item configured to be worn by a user, comprising:

fabric formed from intertwined strands of material, wherein the fabric is configured to be worn on the user'"'"'s finger;

control circuitry; and

a force sensor coupled to the fabric and electrically coupled to the control circuitry, wherein the force sensor includes an elastomeric material and first and second electrodes separated by the elastomeric material.

16. The fabric-based item defined in claim 15 wherein the force sensor is embedded in the fabric.

17. The fabric-based item defined in claim 16 wherein the elastomeric material has first and second opposing surfaces and wherein the force sensor further comprises first and second respective shielding layers on the first and second surfaces of the elastomeric material.

18. The fabric-based item defined in claim 15 wherein the intertwined strands of material include conductive strands and wherein at least a portion of the force sensor is formed from the conductive strands.