Multi-coil induction

• US 10,447,079 B2
• Filed: 04/18/2014
• Issued: 10/15/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 04/18/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Wagman, Daniel C., Jol, Eric S., Thompson, Paul J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tan, Richard
• Application Number:
  US14/256,628
• Publication Number:
  US 20150303699A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,006 Days
• Field of Search: 307104
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/10 using inductive coupling
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/70 involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/90 involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0047 with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits

Abstract

Methods and apparatuses for improved efficiency of power transfer across an inductive charging interface by selectively activating, deactivating, or modifying one or more of a plurality of transmit coils associated with an inductive power transmitter are disclosed.

Claims

1. An adaptive power control system for an electromagnetic induction power transfer apparatus comprising:

an inductive power transmitter, comprising;

a first magnetic field source;

a power supply configured to switch between an active state and an inactive state at a selectable duty cycle;

a plurality of independently operable power-transmitting inductors coupled to the power supply and positioned around the first magnetic field source at axially symmetric intervals and in a non-concentric and non-overlapping arrangement with respect to each inductor of the plurality of independently operable power-transmitting inductors themselves and the first magnetic field source;

a processor operatively connected to the power supply and configured to vary a power transmitted by the plurality of independently operable power-transmitting inductors in response to an indication of a programmable load, wherein the processor is further configured to disable a first independently operable power-transmitting inductor while maintaining an operation of a second independently operable power-transmitting inductor once the first independently operable power-transmitting inductor generates a certain amount of heat.

2. The adaptive power control system of claim 1, the inductive power transmitter further comprising a power controller coupled to each of the plurality of power-transmitting inductors.

3. The adaptive power control system of claim 2, wherein the power controller is configured to electrically couple the power supply to a selected subset of the plurality of power-transmitting inductors.

4. The adaptive power control system of claim 2, wherein the power controller is configured to determine a power transfer efficiency for each of the plurality of power-transmitting inductors.

5. The adaptive power control system of claim 4, wherein the power controller is configured to electrically couple the power supply to a selected subset of the plurality of power-transmitting inductors, wherein the selected subset is determined to have a highest power transfer efficiency of the plurality of power-transmitting inductors.

6. The adaptive power control system of claim 1, wherein the first magnetic field source comprises a permanent magnet.

7. The adaptive power control system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of power-transmitting inductors are positioned in a circular pattern surrounding the first magnetic field source.

8. The adaptive power control system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of power-transmitting inductors are arranged in a plurality of layers.

9. The adaptive power control system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of power-transmitting inductors are arranged in a set of layers offset from one another.

10. The adaptive power control system of claim 1, further comprising an inductive power receiver comprising:

a second magnetic field source configured to be attracted to the first magnetic field source;

a plurality of power-receiving inductors positioned around the second magnetic field source, each positioned inductively proximate a corresponding one of the plurality of power-transmitting inductors; and

the programmable load.

11. The adaptive power control system of claim 10, further comprising a power controller coupled to each of the plurality of power-transmitting inductors, wherein the power controller is configured to electrically couple a selected subset of the plurality of power-receiving inductors to at least one a rechargeable battery and the programmable load.

12. The adaptive power control system of claim 11, wherein the power controller is configured to determine a power transfer efficiency for each of the plurality of power-receiving inductors.

13. The adaptive power control system of claim 12, wherein the power controller is configured to electrically couple a selected subset of the plurality of power-receiving inductors to at least one a rechargeable battery and the programmable load, wherein the selected subset is determined to have a higher power transfer efficiency than each unselected power-receiving inductor of the plurality of power-receiving inductors.

14. The adaptive power control system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of power-transmitting inductors coupled to a signal generator.

15. The adaptive power control system of claim 14, wherein the signal generator is adapted to apply a first signal to the at least one of the plurality of power-transmitting inductors the first signal provided at a higher frequency than an operating frequency of the selectable duty cycle.

27. The adaptive power control system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of independently operable power-transmitting inductors are disposed around a periphery of the first magnetic field source, and wherein each individual inductor in the plurality of power-transmitting inductors is positioned around the first magnetic field source at equally spaced intervals such that the plurality of power-transmitting inductors are axially symmetric with respect to the first magnetic field source.

28. The adaptive power control system of claim 10, wherein the second magnetic field source comprises a permanent magnet.

16. An electromagnetic induction power receiver comprising:

a magnetic field source configured to be attracted to an electromagnetic induction power transmitter;

a plurality of independently operable power-receiving inductors positioned around the magnetic field source at axially symmetric intervals and in a non-concentric arrangement with respect to each inductor of the plurality of independently operable power-receiving inductors themselves and the first magnetic field source, each positioned inductively proximate a corresponding one of a plurality of power-transmitting inductors;

a processor configured to disable a first independently operable power-receiving inductor while maintaining an operation of a second independently operable power-receiving inductor if a temperature of the first independently operable power-receiving inductor reaches a temperature threshold; and

a programmable load.

17. The electromagnetic induction power receiver of claim 16, wherein the magnetic field source comprises a permanent magnet.

18. The electromagnetic induction power receiver of claim 16, wherein the plurality of independently operable power-receiving inductors are arranged in a plurality of layers.

19. The electromagnetic induction power receiver of claim 17, further comprising a power controller coupled to each of the plurality of power-receiving inductors.

20. The electromagnetic induction power receiver of claim 19, wherein the power controller is configured to electrically couple a selected subset of the plurality of power-receiving inductors to at least one a rechargeable battery and the programmable load.

21. The electromagnetic induction power receiver of claim 19, wherein the power controller is configured to determine a power transfer efficiency for each of the plurality of power-receiving inductors.

22. The electromagnetic induction power receiver of claim 21, wherein the power controller is configured to electrically couple a selected subset of the plurality of power-receiving inductors to at least one a rechargeable battery and the programmable load, wherein the selected subset is determined to have a higher power transfer efficiency than each of the unselected power-receiving inductors of the plurality of power-receiving inductors.

23. A method of modifying power output of an electromagnetic induction power transfer apparatus having a plurality of independently operable transmitter coils positioned around a centrally located alignment magnet at axially symmetrical intervals and in a non-concentric and non-overlapping arrangement comprising:

determining a presence of an inductive power receiver;

determining a location and an orientation of the inductive power receiver; and

adjusting output of one or more of the plurality of independently operable transmitter coils positioned at the axially symmetrical intervals around the alignment magnet in response to the determined location and orientation of the inductive power receiver.

24. A method of managing temperature of an electromagnetic induction power transfer apparatus comprising:

operating a plurality of transmit coils to perform power transfer to an electronic device, the plurality of transmit coils including a first transmit coil and a second transmit coil;

selecting the first transmit coil from the plurality of transmit coils based upon a temperature generated by the first transmit coil;

disabling the first transmit coil for a first selected period of time to cool the first transmit coil while enabling the second transmit coil to continue performing power transfer to the electronic device;

selecting the second transmit coil from the plurality of transmit coils upon a temperature generated by the second transmit coil; and

disabling the second transmit coil for a second selected period of time to cool the second transmit coil while enabling the first transmit coil to continue performing power transfer to the electronic device.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the first selected period of time is based at least in part on a temperature of the electromagnetic induction power transfer apparatus.

26. The method of claim 24, wherein the second transmit coil is selected, at least in part, on the second transmit coil'"'"'s distance from the first transmit coil.